批评认知语言学的“心理学实验转向”——基于汉语语法构式的个案研究

"Psychological Experimental Turn"in Critical Cognitive Linguistics——A Case Study Based upon Chinese Grammatical Constructions

本文是批评话语研究新近出现的研究取向“心理学实验转向”在国内的一次尝试。本研究采用线下纸质调查问卷和大样本的被试探究新闻报道话语中的语法构式类型(不对称构式和交互构式)以及各自的语态或信息顺序如何影响大学生对事件双方的责任归咎和攻击性感知。实验结果表明:(1)不对称构式的责任归咎偏施事,而交互构式的责任归咎则较均等;(2)交互构式的责任归咎有偏左边行为者的微弱但不显著的倾向;(3)交互构式有左边行为者的攻击性强于右边行为者的微弱但不显著的倾向;(4)不对称构式的语态转换对攻击性感知无影响。本文从身体特异性、隐喻识解、汉语主谓结构的特点与英汉思维方式的差异等方面对实验结果做了详细的解释。

The paper is the first attempt in China of a newly emerging research orientation "Psychological Experimental Turn " in Critical Discourse Studies(CDS).A pencil and paper questionnaire and a large sample were adopted to explore how the different grammatical constructions(asymmetrical and reciprocal constructions) in Chinese news report discourse and their respective voice and information sequence affected Chinese university students' blame assignments and perceptions of aggression.The experimental results show:(1) blame would be placed predominantly with the AGENT for asymmetrical constructions while blame would be assigned more evenly for reciprocal constructions;(2) although there might be a slight tendency to assign more blame to the actor on the left than on the right within reciprocal constructions,information sequence does not significantly have an effect on blame attribution;(3) although there might be a slight tendency for the left actor within reciprocal constructions to be perceived as more aggressive than the right actor,information sequence does not have a significant effect on perception of aggression;(4) voice alternates within asymmetrical constructions have no effect on perception of aggression.The experimental results were explained in details from the aspects of bodyspecificity,metaphorical construal,the characteristics of subject-predicate structure in Chinese and distinctions in modes of thinking between Chinese and English.