农业强国视角下“农民”向“职业农民”的角色转变与路径

Transition of Farmers to Professional Farmers in the Context of Building up China’s Strength in Agriculture

强国必先强农,农强方能国强。农业长期向好发展为我国建设农业强国提供了基础和条件,但劳均产量和劳均产值相对较低导致我国农业在国际上缺乏竞争力。在跻身农业强国行列之前,仍需继续缩减农业劳动力数量、提升农业劳动力质量。从“农民”到“职业农民”的转变是我国建设农业强国和提高农业竞争力的关键所在。然而,面临城乡间户籍壁垒及隐性门槛、农民难以从乡土社会中剥离、职业农民发展环境尚不成熟、职业农民培育和保障体系不健全等障碍,未来还需从深化户籍制度改革、完善权益保障机制、创造优良成长环境和健全培育保障机制等方面继续着力。

The strength in agriculture determines the strength of a country.The long-term progress in agriculture has provided a foundation for China to build up the strength in agriculture.However,the low output and low output value per capita labor indicate the weak competitiveness of China’s agriculture in the world.To become a country with strong agriculture,China needs to reduce the quantity and improve the quality of agricultural labor.The transition from farmers to professional farmers is the key to building up China’s strength in agriculture and improving the agricultural competitiveness.However,it is facing obstacles such as barriers and hidden thresholds in urban and rural household registration,difficulty of farmers to leave the rural society,and immature development environment and unsound cultivation and support system for professional farmers.The future work can be carried out to deepen the reform of the household registration system,improve the guarantee of rights and interests,create a favorable environment,and improve the cultivation and support system for professional farmers.