美国供应链报告的影响效应与中国应对

Impact of Executive Order on America’s Supply Chains and China’s Response

近年来,全球产业链不确定性、不稳定性呈增强趋势。造成这一趋势有多重原因,美国出台的以遏制新兴国家、片面强化自身国家经济安全和提升供应链韧性为目的的供应链报告是重要原因之一。从美国自身供应链安全最优化原则出发的报告及其内含的政策建议,割裂了全球产业链分工网络和创新网络,违背生产力发展要求,成为全球产业链安全和稳定的破坏性力量。为有效应对美国供应链报告的负外部性影响,维护全球产业链稳定和安全,中国应掌握战略主动,把产业链韧性和安全水平作为政策出发点,加大科技创新能力建设,强化创新成果应用场景建设,提高关键产业链抵抗极端风险的能力,同时推动全球产业链供应链政策体系建设,维护产业链供应链的公共产品属性。

The uncertainty and instability of global industrial chains have been aggravating in recent years,which are caused by multiple reasons.One of the primary reasons is the Executive Order on America’s Supply Chains issued by the United States,which aims to unilaterally strengthen its own national economic security and supply chain resilience.The Order,following the principle of optimizing the supply chain security in the United States,together with the corresponding policy recommendations,focuses on leveraging the value chain functions of allies and Free Trade Agreement partner countries.Meanwhile,it expels the participation of strategic competitors in the upstream and downstream industrial chain,breaks the division of labor network and innovation network of global industrial chains,and violates the requirements of productivity improvement,thus becoming a destructive force for the security and stability of global industrial chains.To cope with the potential negative effects of the Order and maintain the stability and security of global industrial chains,China should take active measures to improve the resilience and security of industrial chains.These measures include strengthening scientific and technological innovation,facilitating the application of innovation achievements,boosting the resistance of key industrial chains to extreme risks,building of a policy system for global industrial chains and supply chains,and maintaining the public product attributes of industrial chains and supply chains.