基于区块链的数据要素可信流通技术综述

A Survey on Blockchain-Based Trusted Data Elements Circulation

【背景】数据已然成为经济发展的基础性战略资源。要充分发挥数据要素作用,需要建立数据可信流通体系。【目的】区块链作为新型可信数据管理平台,能够实现数据可信流通的基本需求。因此,本文将探讨基于区块链的数据要素可信流通技术。【方法】从建立数据可信流通体系的角度出发,本文首先分析了构建数据要素可信流通体系的基本要求,然后分析了基于区块链实现数据可信流通的技术要点,总结了目前区块链研究领域中可用于实现上述目标的研究工作,并对未来的研究方向提出展望。【结果】着眼于增强数据可用、可信、可流通、可追溯4个方面,本文对现有区块链系统研究中的存储模型、系统性能扩展方式、数据验证、跨链技术、溯源技术等方面进行总结分析。【结论】现有研究成果能够基本实现数据要素可信流通体系,但在数据隐私、数据使用和数据表示方面仍存在诸多未解决的问题。

[Background]Data has become a kind of fundamental strategic resource for economic development.To fully leverage the value of data elements,a trusted data circulation system needs to be established.[Objective]As a new type of trusted data management platform,blockchain can realize the basic needs of trusted data circulation.Therefore,we discuss the trusted circulation technology of data elements based on blockchain in this survey.[Methods]From the perspective of establishing a trusted data circulation system,we first analyze the basic requirements of building a trusted circulation system for data elements.Then,we analyze the main techniques for realizing trusted circulation of data based on blockchain.Finally,we summarize current research works in the research field of blockchain that can be utilized to achieve the mentioned goals and present prospects for future research directions.[Results]Focusing on the aspects of enhancing data availability,credibility,negotiability,and traceability,we summarize and analyze the storage model,system performance scaling methods,data verification techniques,cross-chain techniques,and data provenance techniques of the existing blockchain system.[Conclusions]The existing methods can realize the trusted circulation system of data elements to some extent,yet there are still several unresolved problems in data privacy,utilization,and description.