微生物菌剂对红树莓生长、果实品质及土壤磷钾的影响

Effects of Microbial Inoculum on Red Raspberry Growth,Fruit Quality and Activating Soil Phosphorus and Potassium

为探究微生物菌剂对红树莓生长及果实品质的提升效果,以3年生红树莓‘海尔特兹’为试验材料,分别于红树莓现蕾期(6月25日)至二次盛果期(T5)、初花期至二次盛果期(T4)、初果期至二次盛果期(T3)、一次盛果期至二次盛果期(T2)、二次盛果期(T1)施用微生物菌剂,以不施用微生物菌剂为对照(CK),探究其对株高、地径、生物量、可溶性固形物、叶片抗氧化酶活性、产投比以及活化土壤磷钾的影响,并通过主成分分析进行综合评价。结果表明,施用微生物菌剂可提高红树莓品质、产量及土壤的速效养分,以T5、T4处理效果较好。不同土层速效养分及有机质含量变化趋势大致相同,0—10 cm土层速效养分与有机质含量大于10—20 cm土层。T5处理土壤速效养分含量最高,其pH低于CK,改善了土壤碱性环境。T5处理结果数较CK高76.40%,产量较CK高25.75%;一次盛果期叶片超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性较CK分别高22.49%和25.02%,而过氧化物酶无显著差异。施用微生物菌剂对红树莓影响的综合评价表明,微生物菌剂可有效提高土壤速效养分,改善红树莓果实品质,以T5处理即微生物菌剂施用含量为20%、用量200 L·hm^(-2),于红树莓主要发育期施用5次效果最佳。研究结果为改良土壤及精确、高效施用微生物菌剂提供了理论基础。

To explore the effects of microbial agents on the growth and fruit quality improvement of red raspberry,microbial agents were applied to raspberry from budding stage to secondary full fruit stage(T5),initial flowering stage to secondary full fruit stage(T4),initial fruit stage to secondary full fruit stage(T3),primary full fruit stage to secondary full fruit stage(T2),secondary full fruit stage(T1)and no microbial inoculum was used as control(CK)with 3-year-old red raspberry‘Heltez’as experimental material.The effects of plant height,ground diameter,biomass,soluble solids,leaf antioxidant enzyme activity,yield-input ratio and activation of soil phosphorus and potassium were studied,and comprehensive evaluation was made by principal component analysis.The results showed that the quality and yield of red raspberry and the available nutrients of soil could be improved by applying microbial inoculum,and the effects of T5 and T4 treatments were better.The content of available nutrients and organic matter in 0—10 cm soil layer was higher than that in 10—20 cm soil layer.T5 treatment had the highest content of available nutrients,and its pH was lower than CK,which improved the alkaline environment of soil.The fruit number and yield of T5 treatment were 76.40%and 25.75%higher than that of CK,and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)in leaves of one fruiting period were 22.49%and 25.02%higher than those of CK,respectively.No significant differences were found for peroxidase(POD).The comprehensive evaluation of the effect of microbial inoculum on red raspberry showed that microbial inoculum could effectively improve soil available nutrients and fruit quality of raspberry.The best treatment was T5,which the concentration of microbial inoculum was 20%and the dosage was 200 L·hm-2,and it was applied 5 times in the main development period of raspberry.Above results provided theoretical basis for soil improvement and precise and efficient application of microbial agents.