土壤微生物多样性对有机碳源物料输入的响应特征

Responses of Soil Microbial Diversity to Input of Organic Carbon Source Materials

为探究土壤微生物多样性对有机碳源物料输入的响应特征,揭示土壤微生物多样性变化趋势与有机碳源物料输入的关系,筛选我国施用动物类粪便肥的长期定位试验中具有代表性的文章69篇,提取土壤细菌Shannon多样性指数数据120组和Chao l丰富度指数数据90组,纳入Meta分析,以不施肥和单施无机肥为对照,评估不同类型动物类粪便肥及施用方式对土壤细菌多样性指数的效应量,进一步分析不同区域、年均降水量、年均温度等条件下施用动物类粪便对土壤细菌群落变化的影响。结果表明,施用动物类粪便可显著提高根际细菌Shannon多样性指数和Chao l丰富度指数(P<0.05),促进效果依次为牛粪、鸡粪和猪粪;从作物类型看,种植茄科、豆科、禾本科作物及蔷薇科、葫芦科植物的土壤微生物多样性对动物类粪便施用的响应呈显著正效应(P<0.05);从施用方式看,单施动物类粪便与动物类粪便配施无机肥均对土壤细菌多样性的提高具有显著的正效应(P<0.05);从气候条件看,施用动物类粪便处理下土壤细菌多样性随降水量的增多、温度的升高显著提高(P<0.05),且年均降水量500~1500 mm、年均温度5~15℃时促进作用最佳。可见施用动物类粪便可显著提高土壤细菌群落多样性,建议在茄科、豆科和禾本科等作物上推广应用以牛粪和鸡粪等为核心的单施动物类粪便或动物类粪便配施无机肥的施肥技术。此外,年均降水量及年均温度显著影响土壤细菌多样性对动物类粪便施用的响应,应进一步结合气象因素优化施肥技术,以实现构建土壤健康微生态,最终实现有效利用肥料资源、提高土壤生产力的目的。

In order to explore the response characteristics of soil microbial diversity to the input of organic carbon source materials,and reveal the relationship between the change trend of soil microbial diversity and the input of organic carbon source materials,69 representative articles were selected from the long-term positioning test of animal manure fertilizer application in China,and 120 groups of Shannon diversity index data and 90 groups of Chao l richness index data were extracted.These data were included in the Meta-analysis,and the effect sizes of different types and application methods on soil bacterial diversity were evaluated using no fertilization and inorganic fertilizer alone as controls.The effects of animal manure application on soil bacterial community changes in different regions,average annual precipitation,average annual temperature and other conditions were further analyzed.The results showed that the application of animal feces significantly increased the rhizosphere bacterial Shannon diversity index and Chao l richness index(P<0.05),and the promotion effects were successively cow manure,chicken manure and pig manure.In terms of crop types,soil microbial diversity of Solanaceae,Legumes,Gramineae,Rosaceae and Cucurbaceae had significant positive effect on the response of manure application(P<0.05).From the perspective of application mode,both the application of animal manure alone and the application of animal manure combined with inorganic fertilizer had significant positive effect on the increase of soil bacterial diversity(P<0.05).From the perspective of climatic conditions,the diversity of soil bacteria was significantly increased with the increase of precipitation and temperature(P<0.05)under the treatment of animal manure,and the promotion effect was the best when the average annual precipitation was 500~1500 mm and the average annual temperature was 5~15℃.The diversity and richness of soil bacterial community could be significantly improved by application of animal manure.It was suggested that the application of animal manure alone or animal manure combined with inorganic fertilizer with cow manure and chicken manure as the core should be popularized on Solanaceae,Legumes and Gamineae.In addition,the average annual precipitation and average annual temperature had an impact on soil bacterial diversity and richness index.Therefore,the fertilization technology should be further optimized based on meteorological factors to achieve the construction of soil health microecology,and finally realize the effective utilization of fertilizer resources and improve soil productivity.