《论语》判断句分析

Analysis of judgment sentences in The Analects of Confucius

在考察前人对判断句所下定义的基础上,根据广义判断句理论,从语义关系和谓语类型两方面对判断句的定义进行了界定。以《论语》中的判断句为例分析可知,在语义方面,判断句的主语和谓语之间具有表达判断的语义关系;在谓语类型方面,判断句的谓语除名词性成分之外,还可以由非名词性成分充当。《论语》中的判断句有“也”字判断句、“是”字判断句、“为”字判断句和“非”字判断句等不同标记类型。

On the basis of examining the previous definition of judgment sentences and according to the theory of generalized judgment sentences,this paper defines the judgment sentence from two aspects:semantic relation and predicate type.Taking the judgment sentence in The Analects of Confucius as an example,in terms of semantics,we estimate that there is a semantic relation between the subject and predicate of a judgment sentence to express judgment;In terms of predicate types,in addition to nominal components,we estimate that the predicate of a judgment sentence can also be served by non-nominal components.There are different types of markers in the judgment sentences in The Analects of Confucius,such as“也”judgment sentences,“是”judgment sentences,“为”judgment sentences,and“非”judgment sentences.