辛亥革命前恩格斯著作在中国的传播——以《社会主义从空想到科学的发展》为例

The Theoretical Appearance and Introduction of the Socialism:Utopian and Scientific in China before 1911

《社会主义从空想到科学的发展》是由恩格斯的论战性学术著作《反杜林论》修改整理而来的,是一部宣传、普及科学社会主义理论的著作。从《社会主义从空想到科学的发展》的出场来看,它是为世界无产阶级认识科学社会主义理论、辨别其他社会主义思想而作,既是一本改编的论战类学术性著作,又是一本面向群众宣传的通俗性著作。该书引入中国虽具有引入主体成员复杂、译介目的各异、引入内容对错夹杂以及不完整等问题,但其在中国的传播符合中国面临救亡图存的现实困境和知识分子渴望了解科学社会主义理论的时代需求,其所阐释的唯物史观和科学社会主义思想使中国人初步认识了科学社会主义理论,让更多人了解了马克思主义,进而找到了救国救民的正确道路。

Socialism:Utopian and Scientific,the revised version of Engels’polemical academic work Anti-Dühring,aims to promote and popularize the theory of scientific socialism.An adaption of a polemical academic work that popularizes socialist theories to the masses,it provides a theoretical weapon for the world proletariat to distinguish scientific socialist theory from other socialist thoughts.It was introduced to China by different social groups for different purposes,and there existed problems of misunderstanding and incompleteness in its translation,but the introduction and dissemination satisfied the needs of Chinese intellectuals to understand the theory of scientific socialism at the time when it was urgent to save the nation from subjugation and to strive for national survival.The historical materialism and scientific socialism thoughts it explained provided Chinese people a preliminary understanding of the theory of scientific socialism,making it possible for more people to access Marxism and finally the right route to save the people and the nation.