萝卜硫素和莱菔素提取、纯化及检测方法研究进展

Research Progress on the Extraction,Purification and Detection Method of Sulforaphane and Sulforaphene

流行病学研究表明,西兰花、萝卜等十字花科蔬菜具有抗炎、抗癌、预防心血管疾病等功能作用,主要是由于这类蔬菜富含硫代葡萄糖苷类化合物,被切碎或咀嚼后水解生成异硫氰酸酯类物质。萝卜硫素和莱菔素是抗癌活性最高的天然异硫氰酸酯类化合物,文中阐明了萝卜属和芸薹属的几种主要蔬菜及种子中萝卜硫素及莱菔素的提取纯化方法,着重概述了常用的萝卜硫素和莱菔素的溶剂萃取法及现代提取技术;比较了1,2-苯二硫醇(BDT)比色法、高效液相色谱法(HPLC)、超高压液相色谱法(UPLC)和气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)等萝卜硫素和莱菔素定量分析方法;分析了开口柱色谱层析、固相微萃取(SPE)、高速逆流色谱分析(HSCCC)、制备液相色谱法等纯化方法的优缺点;并对各类提取检测、分离纯化方法进行了分析和总结,讨论了萝卜硫素和莱菔素提取纯化技术的未来发展趋势,以期对萝卜等十字花科蔬菜的加工利用及营养保持技术提供理论参考。

Epidemiological studies have shown that cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli and radish possess effects such as anti-inflammatory,anti-cancer and cardiovascular disease-preventing functions,mainly because such vegetables are rich in glucosinolates(which are hydrolyzed to isothiocyanates after the vegetable is chopped or chewed).Sulforaphane and sulforaphene are natural isothiocyanate compounds with the highest anticancer activities.In this paper,the extraction and purification methods of sulforaphane and sulforaphene from several main vegetables and seeds of Raphanus sativus and Brassica oleracea are described,with the emphasis on the solvent extraction method and modern extraction techniques for sulforaphane and sulforaphene.Quantitative analysis methods for sulforaphane and sulforaphene such as the 1,2-benzenedithiol(BDT)colorimetric method,high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography(UPLC)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)are compared.The advantages and disadvantages of open column chromatography,solid phase microextraction(SPE),high speed countercurrent chromatography(HSCCC)and preparative liquid chromatography are analyzed.Various extraction,detection,separation and purification methods are then analyzed and summarized.The future development trends of the extraction and purification technologies for sulforaphane and sulforaphene are also discussed,so as to provide a theoretical reference for the processing,utilization and nutrient preservation technologies of cruciferous vegetables such as radish.