FamilyCoviDD19: results of a cross-sectional study—long-term outcomes of infected and uninfected household members

Objective In this study,we aimed to compare long-term physical and mental health outcome between SARS-CoV-2 infected and uninfected household members to differentiate between infection-related and pandemic-related outcomes after about two and a half years of the pandemic.Furthermore,possible differences in the outcome of adults and children and young people(CYP)were of interest.Design In a cross-sectional study design,we compared the long-term physical and mental health outcome of between infected and uninfected as well as between adult and CYP(household members).Setting The FamilyCoviDD19 study—a serology study in households—was initially conducted to evaluate virus transmission in a close contact setting focusing on households with children and adolescents in Germany.At least 1year after initial infection in the respective households,a follow-up took place in which the prevalence and type of possible long-term consequences were surveyed on the basis of self-reported information on physical and mental health.Participant In this study,a total of 533 household members of 146 families participated and responded to our survey,including 296(55.5%)adults and 237(44.5%)CYP.Result The difference in frequency of reported symptoms between infected and uninfected individuals was very moderate,suggesting that the vast majority of reported symptoms were not attributable to a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection.However,regardless of age and infection status,this study showed overall high rates of self-reported symptoms with CYP having fewer long-term sequelae than adults oneyear after infection.Furthermore,over 50%of those reporting symptoms were not affected in their daily life,with CYPs reporting an even lower percentage compared with adults.Conclusion CYP are at reduced risk not only to develop symptomatic infection or severe disease courses(previous analyses)but also to develop infection-associated long-term sequelae(this study).Independent of infection CYP reported high rates of neurocognitive,pain,somatic and mood symptoms,which makes the influence of the pandemic itself—including pandemic control measures—decisive.