印度与俄美两国的军购合作关系比较研究

A Comparative Study of India's Military Procurement Cooperation with Russia and the United States

俄罗斯和美国是印度最重要的两个武器装备供给国,来自两国的军售对印度的国防军事建设至关重要。通过对印俄和印美之间的军购合作关系发展历程的梳理,并利用相关数据对印俄和印美军购合作的特点进行比较分析,可发现印度对俄美两国的军购在发展历程、规模、成本、武器种类、对军力提升的影响、技术转移程度、合作矛盾以及发展阶段等方面都存在差异。整体而言,印度的对外政策不受制于军购合作,印度对俄政策与对美政策是由国际格局和自身国家利益决定的。未来,印度对俄军事依赖短期内无法改变,同时印美军购合作关系将继续深化发展。这一趋势虽有可能导致印度与俄美两国产生分歧,但印度与美国和俄罗斯的军事合作在一定时期内将兼容共存。

Russia and the United States are India's two most important suppliers of military equipment,with military sales from the two countries being critical for India's national security and defense development.By examining the history of military procurement between India and Russia and India and the United States,and comparing characteristics of military procurement cooperation across the two relationships using relevant data,we can identify important differences in terms of India's procurement vis-à-vis the U.S.and Russia respectively.These include with respect to developmental history,scale,costs,types of weapons,impact vis-à-vis enhancement of military capacity,technology transfer,the degree of cooperation in arms transfer and the conflicts that arise within it.Overall,India's foreign policy is not dictated by its military procurement cooperation,but instead by the structure in international system and India's national interests.Over the short term,India's reliance on Russian arms is unlikely to change,but it will continue to deepen its procurement cooperation with the United States.While this trend may result in tensions between India,Russia and the U.S., India's military cooperation with both countries will continue compatibly for a certain period.