区块链技术在碳交易体系中的应用研究

Study on the Application of Blockchain Technology in Carbon Trading System

完善碳交易市场,优化碳交易机制是我国实现“双碳”目标的重要保障。为解决我国传统中心化碳交易市场中存在的交易低效、监管困难、行政干预过度等机制性问题,本文在剖析碳交易流程功能需求和区块链技术适用性的基础上,提出了一套基于区块链技术的去中心化、自动化、可信任的创新碳交易体系构建方案。首先从整体层面出发,依据实际业务场景设计了基于Fabric联盟链的碳交易区块链总体架构,然后对交易体系进行细分,从碳交易二级市场框架、碳交易方法、碳交易监管、碳交易激励与惩罚四个维度探讨了身份认证、智能合约、数据溯源、信用代币等区块链技术的具体应用方法。研究表明,区块链技术的引入推动了碳资源向数字凭证转化,实现了碳交易的自动化和智能化,提升了交易效率;链式数据结构和分布式共识机制扼杀了“舞弊”和“寻租”空间,为实时动态监管和协同监管创造了条件;碳交易信用代币的发行与应用提供了更为缓和的治理方式,避免了行政强制手段对市场的过度干预,优化了政府的治理能力,也进一步提升了碳交易的效率性和公平性。

A key assurance that China will achieve the objective of“double carbon”is the improvement of the carbon trading market and the optimization of the carbon trading mechanism.Based on an analysis of the functional requirements of the carbon trading process and the applicability of blockchain technology,we propose a decentralized,automated,reliable,and innovative carbon trading system to address the issues of inefficient trading,challenging supervision,and excessive administrative intervention in China’s traditional centralized carbon trading market.First,the general framework of the carbon trading blockchain based on Fabric Alliance Chain is designed based on the actual business scenario from the overall level.Next,the trading system is divided,and the specific application methods of blockchain technology such as identity authentication,smart contracts,data traceability,and credit token are discussed in four dimensions:carbon trading secondary market framework,carbon trading method,carbon trading supervision,and carbon trading incentives and penalties.The adoption of blockchain technology has facilitated the conversion of carbon resources into digital certificates,realized the automation and intelligence of carbon trading,and increased trading efficiency;the chain data structure and distributed consensus mechanism have eliminated the space for“fraud”and“rent-seeking”,and created circumstances for real-time dynamic supervision and collaborative supervision;the issuance and application of carbon trading credit tokens have provided a more moderate governance method,avoided excessive intervention in the market by administrative coercion,optimized the government’s governance capacity,and further enhanced the efficiency and fairness of carbon trading.