脂肪酸代谢在肾脏疾病中的作用及中药干预研究进展

Role of fatty acid metabolism in kidney disease and therapeutic intervention by traditional Chinese medicine

脂肪酸代谢主要包括脂肪酸氧化(fatty acid oxidation,FAO)和脂肪酸合成,其在信号转导、能量产生及炎症调节等过程均发挥重要作用。急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)、慢性肾病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)与肾癌(renal cell carcinoma,RCC)是典型的肾脏疾病,发病机制复杂、易诱发多种并发症且临床尚无特异性干预措施。现有研究揭示,脂肪酸代谢与多种肾脏疾病的发生发展密切相关。文章综述了肾脏中脂肪酸的代谢特征、脂肪酸代谢失调与AKI、CKD及RCC等肾脏疾病的内在关系,总结了靶向脂肪酸代谢通路缓解肾脏疾病的中药及相关活性成分,为深入研究肾脏疾病脂肪酸代谢相关机制、寻找靶向干预手段提供理论参考。

Fatty acid metabolism,including fatty acid oxidation(FAO)and fatty acid synthesis,plays critical roles in signal transduction,energy production and inflammation regulation.Acute kidney injury(AKI),chronic kidney disease(CKD)and renal cell carcinoma(RCC)are typical renal diseases with complex pathogenesis,susceptibility to multiple complications,and still no effective measure for clinical intervention.Current studies reveal that fatty acid metabolism is closely related to the occurrence and development of a variety of kidney diseases.This article reviews the metabolic characteristics of fatty acid in the kidney,the relationship between fatty acid metabolism disorder and renal diseases(i.e.,AKI,CKD and RCC),and summarizes traditional Chinese medicines and related active ingredients targeting fatty acid metabolic pathway to alleviate renal diseases,aiming to provide theoretical reference for the in-depth study of mechanisms related to fatty acid metabolism in renal diseases as well as the development of effective interventions.