“一切真历史都是当代史”与“一切历史都是思想史”——克罗齐对柯林武德的影响

“All True History is Contemporary History”and“All History is the History of Thought”--Croce’s Influence on Collingwood

“一切真历史都是当代史”与“一切历史都是思想史”分别是克罗齐与柯林武德的名言。这两句名言具有一定的相似性,这种相似性表明柯林武德在一定程度上分享着克罗齐的某些信念,包括历史学与自然科学之间的区别、历史知识认识论以及史学的现实价值等等。事实上,克罗齐确实在历史哲学方面对柯林武德产生了一定的影响。然而,从更深层面来看,克罗齐的“一切真历史都是当代史”与柯林武德的“一切历史都是思想史”在某些方面又存在着不同,这种不同表明柯林武德对克罗齐历史哲学的继承与发展。本文拟从柯林武德与克罗齐如何在学术上发生交集、“一切真历史都是当代史”与“一切历史都是思想史”分享着哪些共同信念以及存在哪些不同等方面着手,对克罗齐与柯林武德历史观念的异同作一番辨析。

“All true history is contemporary history”and“All history is the history of thought”are the famous sayings of Croce and Collingwood respectively.There is a certain similarity between these two famous quotes,which shows that Collingwood shares some of Croce’s beliefs to a certain extent,including the distinction between history and natural science,the epistemology of historical knowledge,and the realistic value of history etc.In fact,Croce do have a certain influence on Collingwood in the philosophy of history.However,from a deeper perspective,Croce’s“all true history is contemporary history”is different from Collingwood’s“all history is the history of thought”in some respects.This difference shows that Collingwood inherited and developed Croce’s philosophy of history.This article intends to start from the aspects of how Collingwood and Croce intersect academically,what common beliefs and differences exist between“all true history is contemporary history”and“all history is the history of thought”,distinguishes and analyzes the similarities and differences between Croce and Collingwood’s historical concepts.