酸枣仁中黄酮类成分的研究进展

Research progress of flavonoids in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen

酸枣仁具有养心补肝、宁心安神的功效,为治虚烦不眠的要药,主要含有黄酮、皂苷、生物碱、脂肪酸等成分,其中黄酮类化合物是主要药效成分之一。本文拟从化学结构、提取方法、分析方法和生物活性四个方面对酸枣仁中黄酮类成分进行归纳。酸枣仁中黄酮类成分的提取方法主要有浸提法、加热回流法、超声波辅助提取法、酶提取法等;酸枣仁已发现黄酮类成分44个,包括31个黄酮、8个黄酮醇、2个二氢黄酮和3个异黄酮;分析方法主要有紫外分光光度法、高效液相色谱法、超临界流体色谱法、色谱-质谱联用等;药理作用研究表明,酸枣仁中黄酮类成分具有镇静安眠抗抑郁、抗氧化、改善记忆、保护心脏、抗肿瘤等生物活性。本文通过对酸枣仁中黄酮类成分的化学结构、提取、分析和生物活性进行总结,以期为酸枣仁中黄酮类成分的深入开发利用提供参考。

Ziziphi Spinosae Semen(ZSS)is an essential medicine for agitated insomnia,which can nourish the heart,invigorate the liver,calm the heart and tranquilize the mind.It mainly contains flavonoids,saponins,alkaloids,fatty acids and other components,with flavonoids being the main pharmacodynamic component.This paper summarized the flavonoids in ZSS from four aspects:extraction methods,chemical structures,analytical methods,and biological activities.The main methods for extracting flavonoids from ZSS include immersion,heating reflux,ultrasound,enzyme extraction,etc.Totally 44 flavonoids were found in ZSS,including 31 flavones,8 flavonols,2 dihydroflavonoids,and 3 isoflavones.Currently,ultraviolet spectrophotometry,high performance liquid chromatography,supercritical fluid chromatography,and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry are the main analytical methods.Pharmacological studies have shown that flavonoids from ZZS have biological activities such as sedation,antidepressant,anti-oxidant,memory improvement,heart protection,and anti-tumor effect.The extraction,analysis,chemical structure,and biological activities of flavonoids in ZSS were summarized to provide reference for further development and utilization of flavonoids in ZSS.