文字与面孔识别的半球偏侧化互补模式的竞争性发展机制

Mechanism of competitive development of hemispheric lateralization complementary pattern for word and face recognition

成人的大脑左侧VWFA对正字法信息更敏感,而右侧FFA优先处理面孔信息。然而,这种偏侧化互补模式的发展机制还亟待阐明。神经元再利用假设认为,在文字阅读学习过程中,文字识别会与面孔表征在左侧FG竞争神经加工资源,导致文字识别出现VWFA的左侧化,并推动了面孔识别FFA的右侧化。分布式半球组织的观点提出了神经计算加工三原则,试图系统阐释文字与面孔偏侧化竞争性发展的多层次双向动态加工机制。近期,FG的结构分区与功能特征研究取得了一些新成果,并据此构建了一个文字与面孔识别的多维度计算加工模型。因此,有必要基于神经元再利用假设和分布式半球组织的观点,并结合FG的结构与功能特征和近期研究证据,以系统探讨文字与面孔识别的半球偏侧化互补模式竞争性发展的认知神经加工机制。未来研究应进一步探究文字与面孔竞争加工的皮层空间位置和功能神经组织学基础、汉字与面孔竞争的加工机制、面孔识别的右侧化发展机制以及数字和音符阅读学习导致大脑可塑性改变的机制。

The left visual word form area(VWFA)of the brain in adults is more sensitive to orthographic information,whereas the right fusiform face area(FFA)is preferentially involved in the processing of facial information.However,the developmental mechanism of the complementary pattern of hemispheric lateralization still needs to be clarified.The neuronal recycling hypothesis postulates that learning to read words and face representation compete for neural processing resources in the left fusiform gyrus(FG),which leads to left hemispheric lateralization of the VWFA in word recognition,and drives the right hemispheric lateralization of FFA in face recognition.The distributed account of hemispheric organization of word and face recognition proposes three key neural computational principles to systematically elucidate a multilevel and bidirectional dynamic processing mechanism of the competitive development of word and face lateralization.Based on recent discoveries of cytoarchitectonic areas and functional organizational features of the FG,a multidimensional computational model of word and face recognition is constructed.Therefore,the cognitive neural processing mechanism of the competitive development of the complementary pattern of hemispheric lateralization in word and face recognition is systematically examined using the neuronal recycling hypothesis and distributed account of the hemispheric organization,combined with the structural and functional characteristics of FG and recent evidence.Further studies should explore the cortical spatial sites and the functional neurohistological basis of competitive processing between words and faces,the processing mechanism of competition between Chinese characters and faces,the developmental mechanism of the right hemispheric specialization for face recognition,and the mechanisms of brain plasticity changed by learning to read numbers and musical notations.