不同感觉通道在应激传染中的作用及其神经机制

The role of different sensory channels in stress contagion and its neural mechanisms

应激传染是指个体在观察或接触到另一个处于急性应激状态下的个体时,不自觉地受到对方负面情绪的影响,在生理与心理上将自己的状态与对方匹配。应激传染的实验范式分为替代应激与交叉应激两种类型。在替代应激范式中,观察者通过隔板观察,接受来自示范者单一或多个感觉通道传递的应激信息。在交叉应激中,观察者在示范者受到应激之后直接与示范者接触,通过多种感觉通道接受示范者传递的应激信息。不同感觉信息引发应激传染的行为反应具有相似性,都伴随自主活动减少、焦虑行为增加以及皮质醇水平升高,其背后的神经环路与关键脑区并不完全一致。相比单一感觉通道(视觉、听觉与嗅觉),多感觉通道引发的应激传染效应更强。杏仁核是应激传染的热点脑区,在不同的应激传染实验范式中均观察到显著激活。未来的研究需要在重视应激传染实验范式的基础上,根据不同感觉通道影响应激传染的神经机制确定研究需要关注的脑区。

Stress contagion refers to the phenomenon where people unconsciously absorb stress reactions from another individual in the stressed state,through observation or direct contact,and match their own physiological and psychological state to that individual.The experimental paradigm for stress contagion can be categorized into two types:vicarious stress and stress crossover.In vicarious stress paradigms,observers witness through a partition and receive stress information transmitted through one or more sensory channels from a demonstrator.In stress crossover paradigms,the observer comes into direct contact with the demonstrator after they have experienced stress,receiving stress information through multiple sensory channels.The behavioral responses elicited by different sensory information exhibit similarities,such as decreased autonomic activity,increased anxiety-like behavior and elevated cortisol levels.The neural circuit and key brain regions involved are not entirely consistent across all sensory channels.However,stress contagion effects tend to be stronger when multiple sensory channels are involved compared to single sensory channels(visual,auditory,or olfactory).The amygdala has been identified as a central brain region for stress contagion,consistently demonstrating significant activation across various stress contagion paradigms.In future studies,it is crucial for researchers to carefully consider the experimental paradigms employed in studying stress contagion and identify specific brain regions of interest based on the underlying neural mechanisms associated with stress contagion effects induced by different sensory channels.