敬畏的亲社会效应:小我与真我的作用

Awe’s prosocial effect:The mediating role of the small self and the authentic self

敬畏是一种对浩瀚的刺激以及现有心理结构无法适应的刺激的情感反应。大量实证证据显示,敬畏可以促进各种形式的亲社会行为。至于其中的心理机制,小我假说认为,诱发敬畏体验的浩瀚刺激会导致自我的渺小感,推动个体的注意力从自我转移至他人,进而促进了亲社会行为;真我假说则认为,敬畏有助于促进个体的注意力从日常的世俗关注向更大的精神存在转移,激发了个体对其真实自我的追求,进而促进了亲社会行为。小我与真我假说可以在“大二”框架下进行整合,即敬畏在自我的能动维度(真我)和共生维度(小我)上通过两条平行的路径促进亲社会行为的产生。未来研究需要更深入地探讨敬畏的亲社会效应的心理机制,并在此基础上开发出促进捐赠等亲社会行为的干预措施,以期为第三次分配战略的有效实施提供心理学方案。

Awe is an emotional response to vast stimuli that challenge the current frames of reference and require a new schema to accommodate.A large body of empirical studies have highlighted that awe engenders various forms of prosocial behavior.Regarding the psychological mechanisms implicated,the small-self hypothesis posits that the vastness of stimuli that evokes awe elicits feelings of self-smallness,which diverts the individual's attention away from the self and towards others,thus promoting prosocial behavior;the authentic-self hypothesis suggests that awe helps to facilitate a shift in the individual's attention from regular mundane concerns to a larger spiritual presence,which stimulates the individual's pursuit of his or her authentic self,thus promoting prosocial behavior.These research hypotheses can be integrated within the“Big Two”framework,which suggests that awe promotes prosocial behavior through two parallel paths in the dimension of agency(authentic self)and communion(small self).Future research needs to further explore the psychological mechanisms underlying the prosocial effects of awe and,on this basis,develop efficacious interventions to promote prosocial behavior,such as donations,in order to provide psychological strategies for the effective implementation of the third distribution strategy.