幼年父母缺位对青少年能力发展的实证研究——生命历程理论的视角

Empirically Examining the Effects of Parental Absence in Early Childhood on Adolescents’Competence Development:the Perspective of the Life-course Theory

本研究基于中国教育追踪调查(CEPS)基线数据,利用OLS回归与倾向得分匹配法,从生命历程理论视角探究个体幼年期父母缺位对青少年时期能力发展的影响。研究发现:生命早期经历父母缺位显著促进青少年认知能力发展,而对青少年非认知能力发展则产生显著抑制作用;生命早期经历父母缺位因家庭经济条件、城乡差异对青少年能力发展产生异质性影响,主要表现为对城市、非贫困家庭青少年认知能力发展具有积极影响,对农村青少年非认知能力具有消极影响;同时,与早期经历贫困的青少年相比,早期家庭经济条件的优越性并未使青少年在非认知能力方面获得更显著的长期收益。因此,父母在为子女提供物质支持的同时,也要重视时间和情感的投入,防止劣势累积;政府和社会应关注弱势儿童的早期发展,为他们的成长提供更多的支持与帮助。

Based on the baseline data of the China Education Panel Survey(CEPS),the study utilized OLS regression and propensity score matching to investigate the effects of parental absence in early childhood on the development of adolescents’abilities from the perspective of life course theory.The study found that parental absence in early life can significantly promote the development of adolescents’cognitive abilities,while significantly inhibit the development of adolescents’non-cognitive abilities;parental absence in early life has a heterogeneous impact on adolescents’ability development due to family economic conditions and urban-rural differences,which mainly manifests as a positive impact on the development of adolescents’cognitive abilities in urban and non-poor families,and a negative impact on the development of non-cognitive abilities in rural adolescents;at the same time,it has a negative impact on the cognitive abilities of rural adolescents;at the same time,the superiority of early family economic conditions did not lead to more significant long-term gains in non-cognitive ability for adolescents compared to adolescents experienced poverty in their early years.Parents should pay attention to the investment of time and emotion while providing material support for their children to prevent the accumulation of disadvantages;the government and society should pay attention to the early development of disadvantaged children and provide more support and assistance for their growth.