创业教育:教给谁?教什么?谁来教?怎么教?

Intended Learners,Teaching Content,Instructors,and Pedagogy in Entrepreneurship Education

国际上对创业教育的研究和关注逐渐升温,创业教育怎么教将是未来创业教育研究领域的重点主题。本研究对创业教育的教学对象、教学内容、教学师资和教学范式这四个基本问题进行了讨论,呈现出对当前世界创业教育发展趋势的新观察和新理解。首先,创业教育应是终身的。当前世界创业教育实践涵盖了基础教育、高等教育、职业教育、继续教育和终身学习等不同的领域。创业教育对象的群体异质性强,包括创业者、学术界、成就追求者、创业活动促进者和创业教育的早期接收者等群体。其次,创业教育教学应从内容教学转向刺激学生学习的发生。再次,教师角色应从“权威”向“合作者”和“促进者”的角色转变。创业教育教学主体范围不断扩大,包括高校研究者和教师,实践领域的企业导师和行业专家,各学科领域教师,创业实践的组织者等。最后,当今世界创业教育教学可以概括为四种范式,分别是“关于创业”的教学、“为了创业”的教学、“通过创业”的教学和“超越创业”的教学。

International research and attention on entrepreneurship education have gradually strengthened.How to teach entrepreneurship will be a key topic in future entrepreneurship education research.This study discusses four basic issues of entrepreneurship education:teaching objects,teaching content,teaching staff,and teaching paradigms.It presents the latest observations and understandings of current global trends in entrepreneurship education development.First,entrepreneurship education should be lifelong.The current global practices of entrepreneurship education cover differentfields including primary education,higher education,vocational education,continuing education,and lifelong learning.The target audience of entrepreneurship education is highly heterogeneous,including groups such as entrepreneurs,academics,achievement-seeking individuals,supporters of entrepreneurial activities,and early recipients of entrepreneurship education.Second,entrepreneurship education should shift from teaching content to stimulating the occurrence of students‘learning.Additionally,teachers’roles should transform from“authority”to“collaborator”and“facilitator”.The subjects of entrepreneurship education are expanding,including university researchers and teachers,enterprise mentors and industry experts from the practicalfield,teachers across disciplines,and organizers of entrepreneurial practices.Finally,the entrepreneurship education padagogy in today’s world can be categorized into four paradigms:teaching“about”entrepreneurship,teaching“for”entrepreneurship,teaching“through”entrepreneurship,and teaching“beyond”entrepreneurship.