胞外体在肿瘤发展中的作用及其在肿瘤诊疗中应用的研究进展

Advanced research on the role of exosomes in tumor development and its application in diagnosis and treatment of tumor

胞外体来源于机体细胞,具有纳米级囊泡结构,在恶性肿瘤发生和发展中发挥重要作用。囊泡可运载不同成分,成为肿瘤药物治疗的有效传递工具。胞外体具有天然的生物学起源,不易被免疫系统排斥,可参与基因转录、基因翻译调节、生长、增殖、再生及发育等生理功能,在恶性肿瘤诊疗中发挥重要作用。肿瘤来源胞外体可以通过多途径促进肿瘤侵袭、迁移和血管生成,诱导化学治疗耐药及肿瘤免疫逃逸,从而促进癌症发生和发展。胞外体可通过进行新型肿瘤标志物的探索、肿瘤疫苗的开发研究、作为药物传递的载体等方面发挥对肿瘤诊疗的作用,有望成为肿瘤药物治疗的有效靶向运载工具。

Exosomes are derived from body cells and have nanoscale vesicle structures,and play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors.These vesicles can carry various components,making them effective delivery vehicles for tumor therapy.Exosomes have natural biological origins,are less susceptible to immune system rejection,and participate in physiological functions such as gene transcription,gene translation regulation,proliferation,regeneration,and development,making them vital in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors.Tumor-derived exosomes can promote tumor invasion,migration,growth and angiogenesis through various pathways.They can induce resistance to chemotherapy and tumor immune escape,thereby promoting cancer occurrence and development.Exosomes play an important role in tumor diagnosis and treatment through the exploration of novel tumor markers,the development of tumor vaccines,and as drug delivery carriers.It is expected to become an effective targeted delivery vehicle for tumor drug therapy.