黑龙江省粮食作物化肥施用碳减排潜力分析

Analysis of Carbon Emission Reduction Potential of Fertilizer Application to Grain Crops in Heilongjiang Province

化肥的过量施用,不仅会造成资源的浪费,还会对生态环境造成破坏。基于农业部发布的《小麦、玉米、水稻三大粮食作物区域大配方与施肥建议(2013)》和《全国农产品成本收益资料汇编2021》中黑龙江省的三大粮食作物的化肥投入量等数据,测算黑龙江省化肥削减空间,并利用碳排放系数法,测算黑龙江省的碳减排潜力。结果表明:黑龙江省三大作物中玉米和水稻存在较大的化肥削减空间和碳减排潜力,玉米可削减74.1 kg/hm^(2),水稻可削减51.4 kg/hm^(2);化肥施用的降低可减少碳排放71.71万吨(以C当量计)。最后提出4个推进黑龙江省减肥增效的行动建议。

Excessive application of chemical fertilizers not only causes waste of resources,but also damages the ecological environment.Fertilizer reduction space in Heilongjiang Province was measured based on the data of Regional Large Formulas and Fertilizer Application Recommendations for Wheat,Corn and Rice in 2013 and National Compilation of Cost and Benefit Information for Agricultural Products in 2021 released by the Ministry of Agriculture,in which the carbon emission reduction potential of Heilongjiang Province was assessed using the carbon emission coefficient method.The results showed that corn and rice in the three major crops in Heilongjiang Province had a large space for chemical fertilizer reduction and carbon emission reduction potential.Corn could be reduced by 74.1 kg/hm^(2)and rice could be reduced by 51.4 kg/hm^(2).The reduction of chemical fertilizer application could reduce carbon emissions by 717,100 t CE.Finally,some suggestions were put forward,such as promoting the application of bio-fertilizers,increasing government investment in agriculture,encouraging farmers to operate on a large scale,and using agricultural machinery tools to sow chemical fertilizers.