银行内部控制如何影响信贷风险识别能力:来自A股上市银行的经验证据

How does internal control affect the bank’s credit risk identification ability:Empirical evidence from A-share listed banks

在我国经济进入高质量发展的时代背景下,如何有效防控银行信贷风险,牢牢守住不发生系统性风险的底线,是值得研究的重大理论和实践问题。与以往文献不同,基于微观视角从银行筛选优质客户层面,利用2007—2018年沪深两市A股16家上市银行与1 098家上市公司签订的单笔贷款合同所涉及的7 317个“银行—上市公司—年度”观测值实证检验了内部控制质量对银行信贷风险识别能力的影响。研究发现:与内部控制质量较低的银行相比,内部控制质量较高的银行更可能选择风险水平较低的借款企业,且拥有更高的风险定价能力,主要体现为对风险水平更高的借款企业设置更高的贷款利率和要求提供贷款担保两个方面。并进一步研究,厘清银行内部控制中各组成部分所发挥的作用,分析不同性质的借款企业的异质性作用,探究了银行内部控制对监管部门信贷相关违法违规处罚的作用。研究结果不仅从微观层面丰富了信贷风险治理研究的相关文献,而且揭示了内部控制对银行信贷风险识别能力的内在影响机制,为银行有效防控信贷风险、实现高质量发展提供了重要经验证据,同时为银行监管部门加强金融监管提供了理论参考。

In the era of high-quality development of China's economy,how to effectively prevent and control bank credit risk and firmly hold the bottom line of systemic risk is a major theoretical and practical issue worth studying.Different from the previous literature,based on the micro-perspective,from the perspective of bank screening high-quality customers,this paper empirically tests the impact of internal control quality on the bank's credit risk identification ability by using the 7317 "bank-listed company-annual" observations involved in the single loan contract signed by A-share listed banks and listed companies in the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchange from 2007 to 2018.The study found that compared with banks with lower internal control quality,Banks with higher internal control quality are more likely to choose borrowers with lower risk level and have higher risk pricing ability,it is mainly reflected in two aspects:setting higher loan interest rate for borrowers with higher risk level and requiring loan guarantee.Through further research,this paper clarifies the role of various components in the bank's internal control,analyzes the heterogeneous role of different types of borrowing enterprises,and explores the role of the bank's internal control in punishing credit related violations by regulatory authorities.The above research results not only enrich the relevant literature of credit risk governance research from the micro level,but also reveal the internal impact mechanism of internal control on the bank's credit risk identification ability.They provide important empirical evidence for banks to effectively prevent and control credit risk and achieve high-quality development,and also provide theoretical reference for the banking regulatory authorities to strengthen financial supervision.