人工授粉对‘塞外红’苹果果实品质及发育规律的影响

The Effect of Artificial Pollination on the Fruit Quality and Fruit Development of Malus pumila‘Saiwaihong’

为提升‘塞外红’苹果果实品质,提高果园科学管理水平,作者开展其果实品质及发育规律研究。结果表明,在人工授粉情况下,其坐果率达91.50%,比自花授粉提高84.50%,比自然授粉提高82.00%;单果重达60.25 g,比自花授粉提高90.91%,比自然授粉提高58.68%;人工授粉的果个增大;果型指数变小,但仍然高于1,没有变扁;果肉硬度变低,但仍然较硬;维生素C含量虽然低于对照,但在苹果属中还是高的;可溶性糖含量显著高于自然授粉;8大类香气物质中有7大类高于对照。说明在建园过程中一定要配置授粉品种,或采集花粉开展人工授粉。其果实在5月底增长最为迅速,6—8月初均匀生长,8月底以后停止生长进入品质提升期,应根据生长发育规律及时追肥,促进果实品质提升。

In order to improve the fruit quality of the Malus pumila‘Saiwaihong’and enhance the scientific management level of the orchard,the author conducted a study on its fruit quality and development patterns.The results showed that under artificial pollination,the fruit setting rate reached 91.50%,which was 84.50%higher than self-pollination and 82.00%higher than natural pollination;The single fruit weight reaches 60.25 g,which is 90.91%higher than self-pollination and 58.68%higher than natural pollination;The fruit size of artificial pollination increases;The fruit shape index decreased,but still exceeded 1 without flattening;The hardness of the fruit flesh decreases,but it is still relatively hard;Although the vitamin C content is lower than the control,it is still high in the apple genus;The soluble sugar content was significantly higher than that of natural pollination;Among the 8 types of aroma substances,7 were higher than the two controls.It is necessary to configure pollination varieties or collect pollen for artificial pollination during the construction process of orchard.The fruit grows most rapidly at the end of May,evenly from June to early August,and stops growing after the end of August to enter the quality improvement period.It is necessary to timely apply fertilizer according to the growth and development laws to promote the improvement of fruit quality.