干旱胁迫与氮肥施用量对花生产量、氮素积累及结瘤的影响

Effects of drought and nitrogen fertilizer application on yield,nitrogen accumulation and nodulation of peanut

以花育25号为材料,通过盆栽试验研究了不同生育期干旱与氮肥施用对花生产量、氮素积累及结瘤的影响。水分设置为正常供水(WW,75%~80%田间持水量)、苗期干旱胁迫(SD,45%~50%田间持水量)和花针期干旱胁迫(FD,45%~50%田间持水量)3个条件,设置3个氮肥水平为0 kg·hm-2(N0)、90 kg·hm-2(N1)和180 kg·hm-2(N2)。结果表明,不同水分条件下均以N1水平产量最高。与正常供水条件相比,苗期干旱胁迫和花针期干旱胁迫均降低了花生产量和单株根瘤数。苗期干旱胁迫使花生减产7.73%~18.82%,花针期干旱胁迫使花生减产20.03%~26.74%。与正常供水条件相比,N2水平下苗期干旱胁迫增加了籽仁和全株的氮素积累量,而不同氮肥水平下花针期干旱胁迫均降低花生全株氮素积累量,降低幅度为4.29%~25.23%。不同水分条件下施用氮肥均降低花生单株根瘤数、根瘤鲜重和根瘤干重。由此表明,干旱胁迫下适量施用氮肥增加花生产量,但降低花生单株根瘤数量和根瘤重。

The aim of this study was to study the effects of drought and nitrogen fertilizer application at different growth stages on peanut yield,nitrogen accumulation and nodulation.The peanut variety Huayu 25 were planted with pot experiment.Three water conditions were set as well-watered(WW,75-80%field capacity),drought stress at seedling stage(SD,45-50%field capacity)and drought stress at flowering-pegging stage(FD,45-50%field capacity).The nitrogen had three levels:0 kg·hm^(-2)(N0),90 kg·hm^(-2)(N1)and 180 kg·hm^(-2)(N2).The results showed that the yield of N1 was the highest under different water conditions.The peanut yield and nitrogen accumulation of the whole plant were reduced under drought stress at seedling stage and flowering-pegging stage.Compared to well-watered condition,the peanut yield reduced by 7.73-18.82%under drought stress at seedling stage,and the reduction range were 20.03-26.74%under drought stress at flowering-pegging stage.Compared to well-watered condition,the nitrogen accumulation of the seed and the whole plant were increased under the drought stress at the seedling stage of N2 level.The nitrogen accumulation of the whole plant of peanut was decreased by 4.29-25.23%under the drought stress at the flowering needle stage under different nitrogen fertilizer levels.Under different water conditions,the number of nodules per plant,the fresh mass and dry mass of nodules were reduced by application of nitrogen fertilizer.The results showed that the peanut yield were increased by proper application of nitrogen fertilizer under drought stress,while the number and mass of nodules per plant were decreased.