先天性耳廓畸形耳模矫正的疗效分析

Curative effect analysis of non-surgical correction of congenital auricular deformities in infants

目的分析先天性耳廓畸形耳模矫正治疗的临床疗效。方法回顾2019年1月-2021年12月在湖南省妇幼保健院耳鼻咽喉科门诊进行耳模矫正的201例(318耳)先天性耳廓畸形患儿,按患儿开始治疗的日龄将其分为3组:109例(181耳)<14 d的患儿为1组,75例(117耳)14~42 d的患儿为2组,17例(20耳)43~89 d的患儿为3组;分析3组患儿的治疗效果、治疗时长、并发症发生率等。结果201例(318耳)先天性耳廓畸形患儿治疗的显效及治愈率为93.4%,佩戴时长平均(32.4±10.8)d,并发症发生率45.9%。3组的治疗显效及治愈率分别为96.7%、90.6%、80.0%,组间差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=10.479,P=0.005);3组的矫正时长分别为(30.2±10.4)、(35.2±10.8)、(35.5±9.7)d,组间差异具有统计学意义(F=8.940,P=0.000);3组的并发症发生率分别为37.0%、59.8%和45.0%,差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=14.900,P=0.001)。结论先天性耳廓畸形患儿通过耳模矫正可获得良好的治疗效果,14 d内开始治疗有助于提高治疗效率,缩短治疗时长,降低并发症发生率。

Objective To study the clinical effect of non-surgical correction of congenital auricular deformities in infants.Methods A retrospective study was performed to 201 infants(318 ears)treated with non-surgical auricular correction from January 2019 to December 2021 in our hospital.According to the age of starting treatment,they were divided into 3 groups:the infants younger than 14 days of age belonged to group 1(109 infants,181 ears),infants aged 14-42 days to group 2(75 infants,117 ears),and those aged 42-89 days to group 3(17 infants,20 ears).Then their outcomes,treatment durations,and complication rates were calculated and compared.Results Of all the 201 infants(318 ears),the total success rate was 93.4%,the average treatment duration was(32.4±10.8)days,and the incidence of complication was 45.9%.The success rates of the three groups were 96.7%,90.6%and 80.0%,respectively(χ^(2)=10.479,P=0.005),indicating statistically significant differences.The treatment durations were(30.2±10.4),(35.2±10.8)and(35.5±9.7)days respectively,and their differences were statistically significant(F=8.940,P=0.000).The incidences of complication were 37.0%,59.8%,and 45.0%respectively,and the differences were also statistically significant(χ^(2)=14.900,P=0.001).Conclusions Non-surgical correction of auricular deformities in early time has a significant molding effect.Treatment within 14 days is beneficial to improving treatment efficiency,shortening the treatment duration,and reducing the incidence of complication.