绿色丝绸之路建设的气候变化科技应对战略

Climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies for building a Green Silk Road

绿色丝绸之路建设是高质量共建“一带一路”的重要领域,对于构建丝绸之路人类命运共同体具有重要意义,其沿线地区面临着气候异常变暖导致的极端事件频发、水资源分配不均等自然过程问题,同时也面临着资源管理粗放、生态与生物多样性保护不足、碳汇潜力利用缺失等管理过程问题。因此需要加强沿线地区气候变化应对的科技合作,提升绿色丝绸之路建设质量。在战略层面上,我国需要重点开展气候变化影响下的水—生态变化规律与协同管理、生态系统碳汇功能与碳交易机制、绿色能源发展、第三极和泛第三极环境变化与应对战略研究等方面的科技合作。在政策层面上,应加强山水林田湖草沙冰一体化生态屏障建设,创新保护—开发—利用全链条水资源长期战略,建立系统的监测-研究-预警-服务平台,推动和培育国际大科学计划。

Areas along the Belt and Road face not only natural process-related challenges such as frequent extreme weather events caused by abnormal climate warming,uneven distribution of water resources,but also management-related challenges such as extensive resource management,insufficient protection of ecology and biodiversity,and underutilization of carbon sink potential.To address these challenges and ensure a sustainable future,it is necessary to strengthen scientific and technological cooperation in response to climate change along the Silk Road,and to enhance the quality of the Green Silk Road construction.Key areas of scientific and technological cooperation should focus on water-ecological collaborative management under climate change,ecosystem carbon sink functionality and carbon trading mechanism,green energy development,and strategic research on environmental change and response of the Third Pole and Pan-Third Pole regions.Additionally,it is essential to fortify the integrated ecological barrier composed of mountains,rivers,forests,fields,lakes,grasslands,deserts,and ice.This study proposes innovating a long-term strategy for the protection,development,and utilization of the complete water resources chain,establishing a comprehensive monitoring,research,warning,and service platform,and promoting and cultivating international big science programs.