“一带一路”共建国家应对气候变化合作战略及对策建议

Strategies and measures of international climate cooperation for the Belt and Road regions

开展“一带一路”应对气候变化合作将有利于处理好经济发展和应对气候变化的关系,对实现区域经济绿色转型具有重要意义。本研究从生物多样性的影响“一带一路”共建国家气候变化的事实和预估出发,分析气候变化对该地区水资源、农业及生物多样性影响,并探讨了“一带一路”共建国家在应对气候变化技术、资金及能力建设等方面的需求缺口。研究发现,相比于减缓技术,多数“一带一路”共建国家对适应技术的需求更为迫切。但“一带一路”共建国家大部分为发展中国家,经济实力相对薄弱,推动其减缓和适应气候变化的各项行动将面临大量的资金缺口,并且多数“一带一路”共建国家在防灾减灾、生态系统治理、低碳产业、森林碳汇、生物多样性等减缓和适应领域均存在能力建设缺口。在此基础上,文章围绕构建人类命运共同体理念,从合作国家、合作领域、合作对策3个方面阐述了“一带一路”气候合作的总体战略,明确了东南亚和非洲作为“一带一路”气候合作的重点地区,以及在技术、资金、能力建设等方面的重点领域。进而提出了整合“顶层设计—资金保障—科技创新—能力建设—话语体系”多措并举的系统化合作方案。

Climate cooperation is conducive to promoting the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)partner countries and regions to handle the relationship between economic development and tackling climate change,which is critical to achieving the green transformation of the regional economy.Based on the facts and projections of climate change in the BRI region,this study explored the demand gaps in technology,finance,and capacity building in the BRI region based on the impact of climate change on water resources,agriculture,and biodiversity.The study found that most countries and regions along the Belt and Road have a more urgent need for adaptive technologies than mitigation technologies.However,given the relatively weak economies of most BRI countries and regions,theregional coordinated development.actions that drive climate change mitigation and adaptation will face significant funding gaps.In addition,there also exist gaps in capacity building in mitigation and adaptation field such as disaster prevention and mitigation,ecosystem governance,promoting lowcarbon industries,forest carbon sequestration,and biodiversity.On this basis,the study proposed the overall strategy of the BRI climate cooperation from the perspectives of cooperative countries and regions,cooperation fields,and cooperation countermeasures.It further clarified Southeast Asia and Africa as the key regions of BRI climate cooperation and identified key cooperation fields in terms of technology,finance,and capacity building.Furthermore,a systematic cooperation plan was proposed.