以科学为基础的技术创新与产业演化的动力机制研究——以半导体、数字计算机及无线电技术为例

Dynamic mechanism of science based technological innovation and industrial evolution --Take semiconductor,digital computer and radio technologies as examples

通过对半导体、数字计算机与无线电的技术创新研究和产业演化研究,分析以科学为基础的技术创新及其产业化路径、条件、动力,阐释建立大规模技术创新与产业演化的动力机制。研究发现科研机构与企业实验室的大规模聚集加快了技术创新速度,并推动技术创新沿“科研机构—企业”与“企业—企业”2条路径扩散,形成大规模技术创新的链式反应;大科学工程为该链式反应创造临界条件,区域资源和人才总量是创新规模的边界条件;战略需求为技术产业孵化提供了基本动力,市场需求推动新兴技术产业向规模产业演化,为产业大规模技术创新提供持续动力。研究结论进一步完善了产学研协同创新的动力机制,对于中国进行科技创新与产业升级具有启示意义。

By studying the technological innovation and industrial development process of semiconductor,digital computer and radio,this study analyzes the path,conditions and force of science-based technological innovation and its industrialization,establishes a chain reaction model of large-scale technological innovation and diffusion,and compares it with market-based technological innovation.It is found that the large-scale aggregation of scientific research institutions and industrial laboratories accelerates the speed of technological innovation,and diffuses along two paths of scientific research institutions to enterprises and enterprises to enterprises,forming a chain reaction of large-scale technological innovation.Strategic demand is the basic driving force for the establishment of technology-based industries,and the major scientific project creates critical conditions for the chain reaction.The total amount of regional resources and talents is the boundary condition of the innovation scale,and market demand is the basic driving force for the large-scale and leading technology industry.The research conclusion further improves the theory of industry-university collaborative innovation,which has important enlightening significance for China's current scientific and technological innovation and industrial upgrading.