喜马拉雅山区大气与环境综合观测研究支撑青藏高原地球系统科学发展

Comprehensive atmospheric and environmental observations in the Himalayan region advances development of Earth system science on the Tibetan Plateau

中国科学院珠穆朗玛大气与环境综合观测研究站(以下简称“珠峰站”)位于珠穆朗玛峰自然保护区核心区域,围绕我国青藏高原生态保护和生态文明高地建设及经济社会可持续发展的国家战略科技需求,致力于地球“第三极”复杂地形山地大气过程和环境变化研究。珠峰站以气候变化下青藏高原地-气相互作用过程研究为主线,开展了针对地表、大气、环境、冰川、生态和地球物理等过程的长期定位监测和野外科学观测试验;构建了珠峰地区多时空、多手段、高精度、多要素一体化地-气相互作用综合观测研究平台,显著提升了青藏高原特别是珠峰地区的气象观测能力。珠峰站是喜马拉雅山区地球系统科学研究的重要基地,为深入系统地开展青藏高原地球系统科学研究提供了基础数据,同时也为认识青藏高原在全球变化中的作用和对全球变化的响应提供了支撑平台。

The Himalayan region,represented by Mount Qomolangma,is not only a typical area where special atmospheric processes on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)are concentrated,but also an important research area for climate,ecology,and environmental changes.The Qomolangma Station for Atmospheric and Environmental Observation and Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences(abbreviated as QOMS)is located in the core area of Mount Qomolangma National Nature Reserve.It is dedicated to studying the complex terrain mountain atmospheric processes and environmental changes of the Third Pole of the Earth,focusing on the land-atmosphere interaction process on the TP under the background of climate change.Based on long-term positioning monitoring and field scientific observations of surface,atmosphere,environment,glaciers,ecology,and geophysical processes,a comprehensive land-atmosphere interaction observation system over the TP represented by QOMS has been developed and designed.Key parameters of surface features that influence the material and energy exchange between land and atmosphere in this region have been identified.The interaction processes between complex mountainous terrain of the plateau and the westerly large-scale atmospheric circulation and its impact on the development of the atmospheric boundary layer have been revealed.Remote sensing inversion algorithms and parameterization schemes for estimating surface energy fluxes in the region have been developed and verified,and a theory of pointface combination for satellite remote sensing inversion of complex land surface water and heat flux on the TP has been established.The establishment of the multi-time and space,multi-means,high-precision,and multi-element integrated observation platform has significantly improved the meteorological observation capabilities of the TP,especially in the Qomolangma region.It not only provides basic data for in-depth systematized research on the Earth system of the TP,but also makes up for long-term observation deficiencies on the plateau and has made QOMS an irreplaceable base for global Earth system science research in the Himalayan region,providing a support platform for understanding the role of the TP in global change and its response to global change.