防潮黑火药制备与性能研究

Study on Preparation and Properties of Moisture-proof Black Powder

为解决黑火药长期贮存中因吸湿引起的性能变化问题,分别以氟橡胶、虫胶为防潮剂,TNT、RDX为感度和能量调节剂,设计了3种防潮黑火药的配方。以丙酮为溶剂,采用溶剂蒸发-重结晶法制备防潮黑火药,并对其吸湿性、机械感度、5s延滞爆发点等进行测试。结果表明:防潮黑火药的最佳配方为:w黑火药∶w虫胶∶wTNT=97.5∶2.0∶0.5;相比原料黑火药,该防潮黑火药的吸湿性降低了1.7%,撞击感度相同,摩擦感度降低了4%,5s延滞爆发点降低了5℃,而堆积密度、静电感度、爆热基本不变。研究表明设计的防潮黑火药提高了黑火药防潮性能及安全性能。

In order to solve the problem of performance change of black powder caused by moisture absorption in the long-term storage process,three moisture-proof black powder formulations were designed,which adopted fluororubber and shellac as moisture-proof agents,TNT and RDX as sensitivity and energy regulators.Moisture-proof black powder was prepared by solvent evaporation recrystallization method with acetone as solvent,and its properties of moisture absorption,mechanical sensitivity,5s delay explosion point,etc.were tested.The results show that the best formula of moisture-proof black powder is wblackpowder∶wshellacs∶wTNT=97.5∶2.0∶0.5.Compared to the properties of raw black powder,the moisture absorption is lowered by 1.7%,the impact sensitivity is the same,the friction sensitivity is lowered by 4%,the 5s delay explosion point is reduced by 5℃,while the bulk density,electrostatic sensitivity and explosion heat are basically unchanged.The study indicates the moisture-proof property and safety is improved based on the designed moisture-proof black powder.