道路交通检测器及其优化布设方法研究综述

Review of Research on Road Traffic Detectors and Its Optimized Deployment Methods

在交通网络中如何优化定位道路交通检测器布设位置以及布设数量,以此获得实时准确的多样化交通态势信息,为交通管控部门提供全面的信息基础并作为合理决策的依据,这一问题一直备受广泛关注。解决这一问题的关键在于选择合适的检测器类型,并根据研究目的构建决策模型。同时,考虑到投资成本限制和路段数量限制等约束条件,采用适当的启发式算法对模型进行求解,以得出最佳的检测器布设数量和位置。本文从道路交通检测器类型、应用场景、数据采集指标以及各种优化布设研究的研究目标层面综述了道路交通检测器的优化布设研究。首先,将检测器根据安装方式划分为固定式交通检测器和移动检测器两大类,并详细阐述了各类检测器的原理、特性、优缺点。其次,给出了各类道路交通检测器在不同场景下的应用情况以及相应的数据采集指标。然后,根据研究文献中的优化布设方法研究目的,将道路交通检测器的优化布设问题分为面向用户旅行时间估计、面向交通流观测/估计、面向交通事件检测3大类型,并论述了这些研究的发展历程、发展方向、构建的问题研究模型、解决问题的方法以及存在的不足之处。最后,对现有大量研究进行了一些总结,指出在交通网络规模庞大、各类交通不确定性突出、智慧高速发展迅速的复杂情景下,未来的研究应该以多样性交通信息检测为主导,充分考虑不同类型的交通检测器组合布设的方式、交通网络中各类不确定性以及多样场景应用等问题,以此构建完备的优化模型来解决道路交通检测器优化布设问题。

A widely studied and concerned problem in the traffic network research is how to optimize the location and number of road traffic detectors,so as to obtain real-time and accurate diversified traffic situation information and provide a comprehensive information basis for traffic control departments and as a basis for reasonable decision-making.The key to this problem is to select a suitable detector type and build a decision model according to the research purpose.At the same time,considering the constraints such as the investment cost limit and the number of road sections,appropriate heuristic algorithm should be used to solve the model to get the best number and location of detectors.This paper summarized the optimal layout of road traffic detectors from the types of road traffic detectors,application scenarios,data acquisition indexes and research objectives of various optimization layout studies.Firstly,the detector was divided into two categories according to the installation mode:stationary traffic detector and mobile detector,and the principle,characteristics,advantages and disadvantages of each type of detector were described in detail.Secondly,the application of various types of road traffic detectors in different scenarios and the corresponding data acquisition indicators are given.Then,according to the research purpose of optimization layout methods in the research literature,the optimization layout problems of road traffic detectors were divided into three types:user-oriented travel time estimation,traffic flow observation/estimation,and traffic event detection.And this paper discussed the development course,development direction,problem research model constructed,problem solving methods,and existing shortcomings of these studies.Finally,it summarized a large number of existing studies.And it pointed out that in the complex situation of large traffic network scale,prominent traffic uncertainty and rapid development of wisdom,future research should take the diversity of traffic information detection as the leading factor,fully consider the combination arrangement of different types of traffic detectors,various uncertainties in the traffic network and various scenarios,etc.,so as to build a complete optimization model to solve the optimization arrangement of road traffic detectors.