电动汽车动态无线充电路段优化建模方法

Modeling Method for Optimizing Dynamic Wireless Charging Lane of Electric Vehicles

随着能源危机和环境压力的加剧,电动汽车被认为是降低石化资源依赖、应对气候变化、维持能源与环境可持续发展和实现“双碳”目标的有效措施。在多方政策的鼓励下,电动汽车市场的推广规模不断得到拓展,由此带来的巨大充电需求对充电设施的布局和运营提出了挑战。电池容量限制造成的“里程焦虑”和现有充电网络建设不完善导致的“一桩难求”,使得充电设施可用性低和用户充电不便成为电动汽车的行业痛点,阻碍着电动汽车的普及,而动态无线充电技术的成熟为上述问题带来了极具前景的解决方案。电动汽车动态无线充电路段的合理配置是满足用户需求、解决“里程焦虑”、提高设施利用率、降低社会成本的关键。为提供该研究领域较为全面的综述视角,本文首先概述国内外动态无线充电路段技术的发展情况,根据优势及其面临的挑战总结技术特点;然后从建模方法、决策变量、优化目标、约束条件、模型假设、求解算法等维度,分析无线充电路段的优化配置模型,列举国内外研究成果及测试情况;最后对动态无线充电领域现有的方法、技术问题进行总结,并对无线充电路段优化配置与电网影响分析、充电负荷管理、电力市场分析、充电策略、电池管理系统、电池容量预测、电池均衡控制及无人驾驶的多学科交叉融合发展应用前景进行展望。

With the aggravation of energy crisis and environmental pressure,electric vehicles(EVs)are considered as an effective measure to reduce petrochemical resource dependence,combat climate change,maintain sustainable energy and environmental development and achieve the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.The growing EV market,fueled by policy incentives,has led to increasing charging demands,posing challenges for charging infrastructure deployment and operation.“Range anxiety”caused by limited battery capacity and difficulties in finding available charging stations contribute to low accessibility and inconvenience for users.This issue has become the pain point of the EV industry,hindering the popularization of EVs.However,the maturation of dynamic wireless charging(DWC)technology has brought very promising solutions to the above problems.To provide a more comprehensive review perspective of the research field,this paper provided a comprehensive overview of DWC development and summarized the technical characteristics according to the advantages and their challenges.Then,from the dimensions of modeling method,decision variables,optimization objectives,constraints,model assumptions,solution algorithm and so on,this paper analyzed the optimal configuration model of dynamic wireless charging lanes(DWCLs)and enumerated the research results and test conditions at home and abroad.Finally,it summarized existing methods and technical issues in the dynamic wireless charging domain and offered insights into future prospects,including its impact on the power grid,charging load management,electricity market analysis,charging strategies,battery management systems,battery capacity prediction,battery equalization control,and interdisciplinary integration with autonomous driving technologies.