二战后日本“战友会”群体与缅甸战场微观战史书写

The Microhistory Writing after the Second World War on the Japanese‘Comrades-in-Arms’Group and the Burma Battlefield

二战后日本的“战友会”群体,是以乡土地域、家族血缘或其他社会关系为纽带,借助战场上凝结起来的生死情谊,由日本二战时“乡土部队”发展而来。该群体既是战争亲历者,又是二战后较早的一批战史研究者,他们关注二战缅甸战场,采用微观战史的书写体例,编纂参战师团、联队史志集,出版个人战记与回忆录,形成了官方档案之外的珍贵“一手”文献群。这些士兵个人参战经历的记录、士兵战场生活史的建构,可在一定程度上揭示缅甸战场复杂的战争环境、驻地生活等史实,又能反映日本普通士兵的战争观及战争责任意识。二战后日本“战友会”微观战史书写及研究的系列成果,为第二次世界大战史尤其是中国抗战史的研究补充了部分翔实的微观史料。但须指出的是,日本旧军人对历史的“选择性”记录所传递的错误战争观,深刻形塑了战后日本社会对战争责任的认识。

After the Second World War,the Japanese‘Comrades-in-arms’groups emerged as a derivative of the Japanese wartime‘local troops’.These groups were formed on the basis of regional affiliations,kinship,and other social connections.They shared strong bonds of camaraderie during the time of fighting on the battlefield.They were comprised of both war witnesses and early postwar researchers of war history.They paid their attention to the Burma battlefield,adopted a writing style of microhistory of war,compiled the history of divisions and regiments involved in the war,and published personal war records and memoirs,creating a valuable collection of‘first-hand’documents that existed independently from official archives.The records of these soldiers'personal war experiences and the construction of their battlefield life history can,to a certain extent,reveal the historical facts,such as the complex war environment on the Burma battlefield and the life of the Japanese army,as well as reflect the war concept and sense of responsibility of ordinary Japanese soldiers.The extensive research on the microhistory of war conducted by Japan's‘Comrades-in-arms Association’after the war has supplemented some detailed micro-historical materials that held great value for the study of the Second World War,especially China's anti-war history.However,it must point out that the deliberate manner in which former Japanese soldiers selectively recorded history has significantly impacted the perception of war responsibility of the postwar Japanese society.