摘要
随着新航路开辟,探险者和传教士将大量异域知识带到欧洲,基于《圣经》的世界历史书写传统遭受冲击。如何整合异域知识构建新的世界历史成为16—18世纪史家所关心的问题。其中,百科全书式的世界史书写成为一股重要潮流,18世纪英国学者集体创作的多卷本《萨尔普遍史》便是这一潮流的代表。该书出版之后被翻译成多国语言畅销欧洲,其中尤以德文版最具影响力。然而,该书出版不久便在德意志地区遭受学院派历史学家的批评,其销量受挫。《萨尔普遍史》所代表的旧史料观也在新史料观的冲击下变得不合时宜。19世纪初兴起了书写世界历史的新潮流,人们希望从世界大事中了解世界大势。传统的百科全书式历史书写在史学史谱系中被边缘化。《萨尔普遍史》的命运浮沉并非孤例,从中折射出近代史学观念和历史意识的变迁。
Since the Age of Discovery,the European explorers and missionaries had brought back a great deal of knowledge to Europe,which challenged the traditional historical writing on the basis of the Bible.How to integrate non-occidental knowledge into a new pattern of world history became a matter of concern of historians from the 16th to the 18th centuries.Consequently,a large number of encyclopedic literatures of world history grew rapidly in Europe,of which the multi-volumes Universal History were the notable example which were complied by the British amateurish historians with an Orientalist named George Sale as the chief editor.While first published in England,Universal History had enjoyed a great reputation among the republic of letters,and it was translated into many languages,becoming popular throughout Europe.Especially in the German region,it not only achieved commercial success,but also received much attention from the academic community at that time.However,in the 19th century,the sales of Universal History seriously dropped because it was harshly criticised by scholars.The traditional view of historical sources represented by Universal History also became anachronistic under the impact of the new view of historical sources.Simultaneously,a new attempt to integrate world history emerged in the German states,which advocated for understanding of the trends in world history by reading about great historical events.The vicissitudinous fate of Universal History reflected the change of academic milieu and the transformation of historical consciousness in modern Europe.
出处
《世界历史》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第4期144-158,I0007,共16页
World History
