我国牧草育种进展及存在问题

Progress and Existing Problems of Forage Breeding in China

高产、优质、多抗牧草品种是保证我国草牧业可持续发展的关键,关系到国家的食物安全、生态安全和乡村振兴。自1987年至2022年底,国家审定和省级审定(西部七省份)分别通过了674个和271个草类植物新品种,并制定了25个牧草种/属的DUS测试指南。但我国牧草育种在种质资源收集、育种方法、育种方向、DUS测试和资源共享等方面仍比较薄弱,严重阻碍了我国草牧业发展进程。本文综述了我国牧草品种审定进展,分析了目前我国牧草育种存在的问题并提出建议,以期促进我国培育具有自主知识产权的高产、优质、多抗牧草新品种。

High-yielding,high-quality,and multi-resistant forage varieties are critical to ensuring the sustainable development of China's grassland industry,with significant implications for food security,ecological security,and rural revitalization.From 1987 to the end of 2022,the national government has approved 674 new grass varieties,and provincial governments in seven western provinces have approved 271.Additionally,25 DUS testing guidelines have been established for grass species/genus.However,the development of forage breeding in China is still relatively weak in terms of germplasm resource collection,breeding methods,breeding direction,DUS testing,and resource sharing,severely hindering the progress of the grassland industry.This paper provides an overview of the approval process for forage varieties in China,examines the challenges associated with forage breeding,and proposes suggestions for promoting the development of high-yielding,high-quality,and multi-resistant forage varieties with independent intellectual property rights in the country.