我国退化草原恢复的限制因子及需要解决的基础科学问题

Limiting Factors of Degraded Grassland Restoration in China and Related Basic Scientific Issues

草原约占我国国土面积的30.5%,大面积的草原退化严重降低了我国草原的生态服务功能,并影响到国家的生态安全和粮食安全。目前,我国退化草原面积仍超过70%,修复大面积退化的草原是我国新时代生态文明建设的重大需求。本文分析了我国退化草原难以恢复的限制因子,指出繁殖体限制、微生物限制、养分限制和水分限制的叠加作用是我国退化草原难以恢复的主要原因;讨论了退化草原恢复的目标,指出“近顶极群落”可以作为我国退化草原恢复的最终目标;并提出了我国退化草原恢复在植物物种水平、群落水平和生态系统水平需要解决的基础科学问题,以期为我国退化草原恢复的基础研究和相关技术研发提供参考。

Grasslands cover about 30.5% of China's land area.Extensive degradation of China's grasslands greatly demotes its functioning and services,and has negative impacts on national ecological security and food security.At present,the degraded grassland area still exceeds 70%in our country,and it is an urgent need to restore the extensively degraded grasslands in an era of ecological civilization construction in China.This paper analyzes the limiting factors for the restoration of degraded grasslands in China,and points out that the superposed effects of propagator limitation,microorganism limitation,nutrient limitation and water limitation are the main reasons of grassland restoration.The target of grassland restoration is discussed,and it is suggested that"near-climax community"can be the ultimate target of grassland restoration in China.Finally,this paper put forwards potential basic scientific issues at species,community and ecosystem levels for grassland restoration to provide reference for the basic research and related technology development of grassland restoration in China.