草坪学研究现状、未来挑战和发展趋势

Research Progress,Future Challenge and Development Trend of Turf Science

草坪草与人民生活及生态环境息息相关。我国草坪草种质资源丰富,科研人员初步建立了草种质资源管理体系,开展了基因组测序及农艺性状和抗逆性的评价,探索了现代草坪建植养护技术。但是我国草坪草育种工作起步晚,绿化用草坪草种90%依赖进口。随着我国经济快速发展,草种需求量总体呈上升趋势。需要加强草坪草种质资源系统收集、精准评价与综合利用;基于大数据开展草坪草关键农艺性状调控基因挖掘与遗传机制解析;系统选育草坪草优异种质,推进基因编辑技术应用,逐步实现4.0时代设计育种。同时在阐明草坪草水分和养分需求规律基础上研发草坪专用肥、农药、机械,综合运用现代信息与人工智能,创新、集成并示范草坪建植养护关键技术,共同促进草坪业的发展。

Turfgrass plays an important role in human life and ecological environment.China has abundant turfgrass germplasm resources.In China,preliminary management system for turfgrass germplasm resources has been established.Genome sequencing and evaluation of agronomic traits and stress tolerance have been carried out.Techniques of lawn construction and maintenance have been explored and improved.However,the breeding history of turfgrass in China is short,with 90%of turfgrass seeds relying on imports.With the rapid development of China's economy,the overall demand for turfgrass seeds is on the rise.In the future,the systematic collection,precise evaluation,and comprehensive utilization of turfgrass germplasm resources will be the first priority.Identification and functional characterization of candidate genes regulating key agronomic traits through mining of big data need to be performed.Systematical selection of superior turfgrass germplasm and application of gene editing technology should be carried out to gradually implement molecular design breeding in the Breeding Era 4.O.Moreover,through elucidating the water and nutrient demand patterns of turfgrass species,we will develop lawn specific fertilizers,pesticides,and machinery,comprehensively utilize modern information technology and artificial intelligence to innovate,integrate and extend key technologies for lawn construction and maintenance,and jointly promote the development of the lawn industry.