社会流动、社会地位与婚姻交换

Social Mobility,Social Status and Status Exchange in Marriage

中国自古有崇尚社会流动的文化传统,在社会流动的背景下,人们社会地位的两个维度(先赋地位,自致地位)常常出现不一致,婚姻市场上人们可能基于资源互补,进行社会地位两个维度的交换。使用中国家庭追踪调查数据五期调查的数据结果显示,我国居民婚姻中存在家庭背景与个人自致社会经济地位间的交换,且随着世代变迁,婚姻中的社会地位交换有所弱化。这一结果表明,一方面要注意引导年轻人择偶时弱化功利性目的,另一方面要进一步促进社会流动性。

China has a traditional culture of advocating social mobility.In the context of social mobility,the two dimensions of individuals social status(ascribed status,and achieved status)tend to be inconsistent.Thus,based on complementary resources,men and women may exchange the two dimensions of social status in mate selection.The empirical results based on China Family Panel Studies(CFPS,中国家庭追踪调查)data also show that both men and women exchange high family background for the spouse’s high achieved socioeconomic status.In addition,cohort comparisons show that the origin-status exchange pattern has been substantially weakened over time,and disappeared for those born after 1970.The results suggest that attention should be paid to guiding young people to choose their spouses with weaker utilitarian purposes,and social mobility should be further promoted.