高原湖泊城市生态安全格局构建——以大理市为例

Construction of urban ecological security pattern in highland lakes cites:the case of Dali City

合理构建生态安全格局是高原湖泊城市健康发展的重要保障。以大理市为研究区,将生态系统健康和生态系统服务统筹到生态安全评估,尝试采用土地发展概率修正生态阻力面,运用电路理论构建生态安全格局,并提出优化方案。结果表明:大理市生态安全水平呈现出“高-低-高”圈层结构空间分布特征;确定生态源地53块,生成顾及未来土地发展的生态阻力面,识别生态廊道111条,筛选生态夹点23处,划分三级生态改善区。提出以洱海为一核,以苍山和南部林区为两屏,以大理市东北部生态保护区、海东生态修复区和满江—凤仪生态城市建设区为三区,以城镇区之间的多个生态修复区为多组团共同构成“一核、两屏、三区、多组团”的生态安全优化格局。将生态系统健康和生态系统服务统筹到生态安全评估及利用土地发展概率修正阻力面所构建的生态安全格局,能更加真实的反映未来发展趋势下生态安全格局构建的需要,为城市生态安全格局构建方法提供了新视角和新方法,以期为城市生态文明建设的区域理论提供借鉴,助力高原湖泊城市的生态宜居。

The rational design of ecological security patterns is an important safeguard for the healthy development of highland lake cities.Using Dali as the study area,we integrated ecosystem health and ecosystem services into ecological security assessment,attempted to correct the ecological resistance surface using land development probability,applied circuit theory to construct an ecological security pattern,and proposed an optimization plan.The results showed that Dali City′s ecological security level had the spatial distribution characteristics of high-low-high.Total 53 ecological sources were identified,the ecological resistance surfaces were generated while future land development was taken into account.111 ecological corridors were identified,23 ecological pinch points were screened,and three-level ecological improvement areas were divided.We proposed to use the Erhai Sea as a core,Cang Mountain,and the southern forest area as two ecological barriers,Dali City′s northeastern ecological reserve,the Haidong ecological restoration area,and the Manjiang-Fengyi ecological city construction area as three areas.Several ecological restoration areas between towns and cities as multi-groups to form the ecological security optimization pattern of“one core,two ecological barriers,three ecological areas,and many ecological groups”.By incorporating ecosystem health and ecosystem services into the ecological security assessment and using the probability of land development to correct the resistance surface,the ecological security pattern constructed can more accurately reflect the need for ecological security pattern construction under the future development trend.This study offers a new perspective and method for constructing an urban ecological security pattern to provide a reference for the regional theory of urban ecological civilization construction and assist in the ecological livability of highland lake cities.