农村老年人健康不平等的测度及影响因素分析

Measurement of and Influencing Factors on Health Inequality among Elderly People in Rural Areas

当前人口老龄化趋势日益加深,老年人的健康问题尤为突出,随之而来的是由多种因素导致的农村老年人健康不平等问题。农村老年人健康不平等程度过高会对实现健康老龄化、建设健康中国产生不利影响。基于CHARLS_2018年调查数据,首先运用集中指数法测度健康不平等程度,其次选用二元Logistic模型测度各自变量对健康不平等的影响因素,最后分解各自变量对健康不平等的贡献。结果表明,从整体来看,我国农村老年人健康的集中指数为0.0408,健康不平等状况明显;从地区来看,我国东、中、西部农村老年人健康的集中指数分别为0.0424、0.0587、0.0180,中部地区健康差异性更严重。其中:收入水平、是否患慢性病、锻炼状况、受教育程度因素对加大健康不平等影响很大;婚姻状况、居住区域、社交状况、饮酒状况、吸烟状况等因素是造成农村老年人健康不平等的重要因素。因此,政府应采取有效措施改善农村老年人的健康不平等现状。

The current trend of population aging is deepening,and the health problems of the elderly are particularly prominent.With this,there are various factors leading to health inequality among rural elderly people.The high level of health inequality among rural elderly people will have adverse effects on achieving healthy aging and building a healthy China.Based on CHARLS_2018 data,this article measured the degree of health inequality with the centralized index method,then the influencing factors of each variable on health inequality by using a binary logistic model,and finally decomposed the contribution of each variable to health inequality.The results indicate that overall,the concentration index of health among rural elderly people in China is 0.0408,indicating significant health inequality.From a regional perspective,the concentration indices of elderly health in rural areas of eastern,central,and western China are 0.0424,0.0587 and 0.0180,respectively,with more severe health disparities in the central region.Among them,factors such as income level,chronic illness,exercise status,and education level play an important role in increasing health inequality.Factors such as marital status,residential area,social status,alcohol consumption and smoking status are important factors that contribute to health inequality among rural elderly people.Therefore,the government should take effective measures to alleviate the health inequality of rural elderly people.