阮籍典故的形成及其在唐诗中的“二次赋义”

The Evolution of Ruan Ji’s Allusions and Its“Secondary Meaning”in Tang Poetry

阮籍典故在唐诗中运用频繁,是解读唐诗、勘破旨意的重要突破口。阮籍典故以事典为主、语典为辅,表现出“重个性,轻文才”的书写倾向。阮籍典故的形成期为唐前,由两晋时期的典源转为南朝文本中的早期典故,典义基本沿袭典源,以典面的改变为典故衍生的主要方式,出现一源多典的情况。在唐代,阮籍典故的典面基本稳定,呈现出“社会化”和“日常化”倾向的“二次赋义”现象,出现一典多义的情况,折射出唐代士人的情感志向与知识储备,反映出魏晋至唐阮籍形象的接受与异化。同时,理清阮籍典故一源多典、一典多义的问题也对典故辞书撰写具有重要意义。

Ruan Ji’s allusions refer to the relevant stories or words of Ruan Ji as the main character quoted in the poems.Ruan Ji’s story code is the main part,and the language code is the auxiliary part.Its source liter-ature is mainly historical books and biographies,followed by novels and poems.It can be seen that the accep-tance of Ruan Ji shows a clear tendency toward“valuing character stories and neglecting literary criticism”.The source documents of Ruan Ji’s historical books and biographies are complicated,so people often make mistakes in writing dictionaries of Chinese allusions,confusing allusions,and mistakenly searching for the source of the allusions.The phenomenon of the“second meaning”of Ruan Ji’s allusions in Tang poetry shows“socialization”and“routinization”,which not only reflects the grand,inclusive,and positive atmosphere of the Tang Dynasty but also reflects the Tang scholars’attention to social life,advocating the romantic state of the Wei and Jin Dynasties.At the same time,after the“secondary meaning”in Tang poetry,the images of“wine”,“qin”,“howl”and“bamboo forest”have richer cultural connotations,and Ruan Ji’s“overbearing and wanton”characteristics have been dissolved to a certain extent,and his images have become more secular.