规律锻炼对农村空巢老人焦虑状态和孤独感的影响

Effect of Regular Exercise on Anxiety and Loneliness of Rural Empty Nest Elderly

目的:基于“主动康健”APP小程序,探讨规律锻炼对农村空巢老人焦虑状态和孤独感的影响。方法:于2022年3—8月采用“主动康健”APP对福建省J村128名空巢老人进行调查。将符合条件的76例按照随机数字表法分为对照组和试验组,每组38例,经过干预后最终对照组纳入35例(1例数据缺失,2例失联),试验组纳入34例(1例数据缺失,2例自动放弃,1例不符合规律锻炼要求)。对照组进行常规日常活动及健康宣教,试验组在对照组的基础上运用电话进行每周1次的运动锻炼提醒,拟完成每周3次,每次>30 min,中、下等强度的有氧运动,总干预时长为12周。分别于干预前(前测)、干预6周末(中测)、干预12周末(后测)进行体育锻炼等级量表(PARS-3)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和孤独感自评量表(UCLA)的测量。结果:经调查福建J村空巢老人焦虑状态检出率为33.59%,孤独感检出率为68.75%。2组干预前PARS、SAS和UCLA评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预6周后,PARS评分前测与中测对比,试验组规律锻炼的参与率为97.37%,差值差异分析结果显示,运动锻炼水平增加23.73分(P<0.001);干预12周后,PARS评分前测与后测比较,试验组规律锻炼的参与率为89.47%,差值差异分析结果显示,运动锻炼水平增加26.97分(P<0.001);PARS评分中测与后测比较,运动锻炼水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。规律锻炼降低SAS评分的重复测量方差分析结果显示,组别的主效应差异无统计学意义,F=0.82,P>0.05,偏η^(2)=0.01;测量次数的主效应差异无统计学意义,F=3.96,P>0.05,偏η^(2)=0.06;测量次数与组别的交互效应显著,F=15.84,P<0.001,偏η^(2)=0.19。规律锻炼降低UCLA评分的重复测量方差分析结果显示,在对孤独感的干预方面组别的主效应显著,F=5.59,P<0.05,偏η^(2)=0.09;测量次数的主效应显著,F=8.49,P<0.01,偏η^(2)=0.11;测量次数与组别的交互效应显著,F=26.64,P<0.001,偏η^(2)=0.28。结论:每周运动锻炼提醒可以提高农村空巢老年运动锻炼水平,规律锻炼比非规律锻炼可以更好地改善农村空巢老人焦虑状态和孤独感水平。

Objective:Based on the"active health"applet,this paper discusses the influence of regular exercise on the anxiety state and loneliness of rural empty nest elderly.Methods:From March 2022 to August 2022,128 rural empty nesters in J rural area of Fujian Province participated in the investigation through the"active health"APP.A total of 76 eligible patients were selected and randomly divided into control group and experimental group according to the random number table method,with 38 cases in each group.After intervention,35 cases remained in the control group(1 case due to data loss,2 cases lost contact),and 34 cases remained in the experimental group(1 case due to data loss,2 cases withdrawed,1 case did not meet the requirements of regular exercise).The control group received routine daily activities and health education.The experimental group used the telephone to send a weekly exercise reminder,for three times a week,each time for more than 30 minutes,medium and low intensity aerobic exercise on the basis of the control group,and the total intervention duration was 12 weeks.Physical exercise rating scale(PARS-3),self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)and ucla loneliness scale(UCLA)were measured before intervention(pre-test),after 6 weeks of intervention(mid-test)and after 12 weeks of intervention(post-test).Results:The detection rate of anxiety and loneliness of empty nest elderly in rural J of Fujian Province was 33.59%and 68.75%,respectively.There was no significant difference in PARS score,SAS score and UCLA score between the two groups before intervention(P>0.05).After 6 weeks of intervention,the PARS score was compared between the pre-test and the mid-test.The participation rate of regular exercise in the experimental group was 97.37%.The difference analysis showed that the level of exercise increased by 23.73 scores(P<0.001).After 12 weeks of intervention,the PARS score was compared between the pre-test and the post-test.The participation rate of regular exercise in the experimental group was 89.47%.The difference analysis showed that the exercise level increased by 26.97 scores(P<0.001).There was no significant difference in the level of exercise between the mid-test and post-test of PARS score(P>0.05).The results of repeated measures analysis of variance of regular exercise to reduce SAS score of rural empty elderly showed that the main effect of the group was not significant,F=0.82,P>0.05,partialη^(2)=0.01;the main effect of the number of measurements was not significant,F=3.96,P>0.05,partialη^(2)=0.06;the interaction between the number of measurements and the group was significant,F=15.84,P<0.001,partialη^(2)=0.19.The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that the main effect of regular exercise on reducing UCLA score of rural empty elderly was significant,F=5.59,P<0.05,partialη^(2)=0.09.The main effect of the number of measurements was significant,F=8.49,P<0.01,partialη^(2)=0.11.The interaction between the number of measurements and the group was significant,F=26.64,P<0.001,partialη^(2)=0.28.Conclusion:The weekly exercise reminder can improve the exercise level of the rural empty-nest elderly.Regular exercise can improve the anxiety and loneliness of the rural empty-nest elderly compared with irregular exercise.