高中生历史学科思维能力培育的现状、问题与策略

Current Situation,Problems and Countermeasures of High School Students􀆶Thinking Ability in History

学科思维能力是学科教育与学生智能发展的结晶,培育历史学科思维能力是落实历史学科核心素养的关键路径。基于全国13个省(自治区)高中全学段大数据调查发现,目前高中生对历史学科思维的基本概念不熟悉,未明晰历史学科思维的基本原理。高中生历史学科思维能力不足的主要原因包括学习内部动机水平低、基础知识不扎实、认知结构不完善、新教材带来新挑战以及教师教学模式与方法单一等。培育高中生历史学科思维能力需要教师熟悉高中生历史学科思维的基本特征,引导学生深入理解历史学科思维的基本概念和原理,完善认知结构,创新教、学、评,激发高中生学习内部动机。

Discipline thinking ability is the crystallization of discipline education and students􀆶intelligent development.Cultivating history thinking ability is one of the keys to implement the core quality of history discipline.Based on a nationwide survey conducted in 13 provinces and autonomous regions at the high school level,it has been observed that high school students currently exhibit a lack of familiarity with the fundamental concepts of historical thinking,and their grasp of the basic principles of historical thinking remains unclear.The main reasons for the lack of thinking ability of high school students in history subject include low levels of intrinsic motivation,a weak foundation in fundamental knowledge,incomplete cognitive structures,substantial challenges posed by new textbooks,and a limited diversity of teaching methods and approaches.Cultivating the thinking ability of history discipline necessitates a deep understanding of the basic characteristics of middle school students􀆶historical thinking.It involves guiding students to gain a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental concepts and principles of disciplinary thinking,enhancing cognitive structures,continually stimulating intrinsic motivation among students,and establishing an integrated system encompassing teaching,learning,and assessment.