老化与人类β细胞量和功能

Ageing and human β-cell mass and function

2型糖尿病(T2DM)的病理生理机制复杂,最核心的发病机制是胰岛素抵抗以及伴随的β细胞量(BCM)和功能的下降。老化会导致葡萄糖稳态的精确调节逐渐下降,使T2DM的患病率随着年龄的增长而增加。已有研究表明老化会导致外周胰岛素敏感性下降。然而,现目前对老化过程中BCM和功能的改变尚无充分的了解。对老化过程中β细胞生物学的研究,将有助于我们深入了解其对年龄相关的T2DM的贡献。本文综述了β细胞在分子、形态和功能水平上与年龄相关的改变,为T2DM的防治提供更多的角度和治疗思路。

The pathophysiological mechanism of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is quite complicated,and its core pathogenesis is insulin resistance along with the decrease ofβ-cell mass(BCM)and function.Ageing will lead to a gradual decrease in the precise regulation of glucose homeostasis,and thus,the prevalence of T2DM increases with ageing.Evidence shows that ageing can lead to decreased peripheral insulin sensitivity.However,the changes in BCM and function during ageing have not been fully understood till now.The study aboutβ-cell biology during ageing will help us to understand its contribution to age-related T2DM deeply.In this article,we review the age-related changes inβcells at the molecular,morphological and functional levels,in order to provide more aspects and therapeutic ideas for the prevention and treatment of T2DM.