气候变化背景下乡村聚落生态韧性评价与空间分异研究

Evaluation and Spatial Differentiation of Ecological Resilience of Rural Settlements under Climate Change

乡村聚落生态韧性定量评估研究对培育生态系统适应能力、揭示乡村可持续发展多元路径具有重要实践意义。气候调节性能是生态系统自我调节能力的重要表征,论文在传统生态韧性评估框架中加入气候调节评估板块,构建“生态系统基底—生态系统压力—生态廊道功能—生态系统潜力”生态韧性评估框架。以献县乡村聚落为例,探讨献县2009—2020年乡村聚落生态韧性时空演化特征,进一步提出国土空间规划框架下的生态韧性优化策略。研究结果表明:(1)2020年研究区内乡村聚落生态韧性呈现“东南高、西北低”的空间分异格局,生态韧性低值区分布于乡村聚落周边地区与主要交通线路沿线地区,空间依赖性显著。(2)2009—2020年,研究区生态韧性水平持续下降,在此过程中生态韧性受损最严重的片区呈现出产业结构变化频繁、土地利用演化加速、交通线路密集复杂与生态斑块分散破碎的特征。(3)乡镇国土空间规划应从供需两侧统筹生态空间与开发空间,并依据生态植被的年龄、规模与类别多元化设定保护措施。

Quantitative assessment of ecological resilience of rural settlements is of great practical significance for cultivating ecosystem adaptability and revealing the multi-path of rural sustainable development.Climate regulation performance is a significant representation of ecosystem self-regulation ability.In this paper,a climate regulation assessment panel was added to the traditional ecological resilience assessment framework to construct an ecological resilience assessment framework of“ecosystem basis-ecosystem pressure-ecosystem corridor function-ecosystem potential”.Taking rural settlements in Xian County as an example,this paper discussed the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of ecological resilience of rural settlements in Xian County from 2009 to 2020,and further proposed the ecological resilience optimization strategy under the framework of territorial spatial planning.The results showed that:(1)in 2020,the ecological resilience of rural settlements in the study area showed a spatial pattern of“high in the southeast and low in the northwest”,and the low value of ecological resilience was distributed in the surrounding areas of rural settlements and areas along major transportation lines,with significant spatial dependence.(2)From 2009 to 2020,the level of ecological resilience in the study area continued to decline.In this process,the area with the most severe damage to ecological resilience showed frequent changes in industrial structure,accelerated land use evolution,dense and complex traffic lines,and scattered and fragmented ecological patches.(3)The planning of township territorial space should balance the ecological space and development space on both the supply and demand sides,and set protection measures according to the age,scale and category of ecological vegetation.