考虑障碍物遮挡和雷达衰减的VTS雷达站选址优化研究

Study on VTS Radar Station Location Optimization Considering Obstacle Occlusion and Radar Attenuation

船舶交通管理系统(Vessel Traffic Service, VTS)是我国海事主管机构进行水上安全监管的主要设备,而雷达站作为系统重要组成部分其位置选择对于整个系统安全保障效率有重要影响。针对当前VTS雷达站选址模型较少考虑选址过程中存在的山林等障碍物遮挡以及雷达无线电波传播存在衰减的问题,在考虑单个雷达失效需要备择覆盖的情况下基于集合覆盖思想提出了VTS雷达站多目标选址模型并设计算法求解及验证,然后对最大覆盖半径进行敏感性分析及讨论,结果表明最终方案能够实现选址优化并满足相关约束,为VTS雷达站在实际环境下的选址提供解决思路。

By 2021,China had had 135679 civil transport vessels,and the vessel traffic flow in China’s coastal and inland water area had grown rapidly.The rapid growth of vessel traffic flow has led to an increasing number of waterway transportation accidents.The frequent occurrence of waterway transportation accidents will not only endanger the safety of shipping vessels,persons and property,but also damage the environment and cause serious impact on the development and usage of water areas.In order to ensure the safety of ship navigation,the maritime authorities need to rely on the vessel traffic service(VTS)to regulate and ensure waterway transportation safety.VTS system is the main equipment of China’s maritime authorities for waterway safety supervision,and the location of VTS radar station,an important part of the system,has a significant impact on the safety and security efficiency of the whole system.As a result,it is necessary to study the VTS radar station location and configuration model.The traditional VTS radar station location and configuration optimization model is more suitable for the application scenario where there are no large objects such as mountains and forests in the station building environment,and the difference between the VTS radar station and the monitored water area in terms of altitude is not big.While in the actual station building situation,there are a certain number of mountains and forests in many station building environments,which may affect the electromagnetic wave propagation to a certain extent,and then affect the VTS radar monitoring performance in the whole water area.Meanwhile,the traditional location and configuration model of VTS radar stations is built in the form of one-to-one monitoring.With regard to the above factors,this paper takes the problem of obstacle blockage,attenuation of radar radio wave propagation,and the need for alternative coverage for single radar failure into account,and proposes a multi-objective location and configuration model for VTS radar stations based on the idea of collective coverage,and designs a multi-objective particle swarm algorithm with adaptive weight and introduces the ZDT series test function to analyze the performance of the algorithms.Then an example verification is conducted based on the VTS radar station building project.The algorithm is used to solve the proposed mathematical model quickly,and the example results verify the feasibility of the proposed model and algorithm.Then a sensitivity analysis and discussion on the maximum coverage radius factor based on the results obtained from the example are applied,and the results show that deploying a radar with better performance may be more effective than building more VTS radar stations.And in actual environment decisions need to be made on a case-by-case basis.The proposed model and algorithm also provide solutions for the location and configuration of VTS radar stations in real-world environments.However,the location and configuration of VTS radar stations in the actual environment is a comprehensive and systematic project that requires consideration of many factors,so the location decision can be made from several factors,such as the common assumptions of oil spill radar and other factors in the location process,while the algorithm used in this paper can be further improved to improve the accuracy and scientificity of the solution.