Polarization-dependent optical engineering of ferroelectric domains

Ferroelectric domain engineering with infrared femtosecond laser pulses has been a powerful technique to achieve a spatially modulated second-order nonlinear coefficient in three dimensions.However,studies regarding the in-fluence of laser writing conditions on the light-induced ferroelectric domain inversion remain limited.Herein,an experimental study to reveal the role of laser polarization in light-induced domain inversions is discussed.The dependence of the optical threshold and maximal writing depth of inverted domains on light polarization is ex-perimentally investigated.The results are explained by considering the second-order nonlinear optical properties and birefringence-induced focus splitting in the crystal.These findings are useful in fabricating high-quality and large-scale ferroelectric domain structures for applications in optics,electronics,and quantum technologies.