烟花爆竹燃放对河南省空气质量影响的研究

Research on the Impact of Fireworks on the Air Quality in Henan Province

基于河南省常规空气污染物、颗粒物组分等数据,开展烟花爆竹燃放对空气质量影响的定量评估。结果表明:2023年元宵节期间,河南省PM_(2.5)质量浓度小时峰值为226μg/m^(3),仅次于2019年的239μg/m^(3),明显高于2022年的86μg/m^(3),正月十六重度及以上污染天数为历史最高值;烟花爆竹燃放造成K^(+)、SO_(4)^(2-)、Cl^(-)浓度快速上升,对K+浓度影响最为显著,河南省K^(+)小时峰值浓度较基准时刻平均上升了26.6倍;烟花爆竹燃放对河南省正月十五、十六PM_(2.5)日均值贡献分别为31.5%、31.8%,使PM_(2.5)质量浓度分别上升39μg/m^(3)和57μg/m^(3),2 d的烟花爆竹燃放可使河南省2023年PM_(2.5)年均质量浓度上升0.26μg/m^(3),造成河南省12个城市空气质量从中度及以下污染变为重度及以上污染。

Based on the data of conventional air pollutants and particulate matter composition in Henan Province,a quantitative assessment of the fireworks􀆳impact on air quality in Henan Province was conducted in this research.The results showed that during the Lantern Festival period in 2023,the hourly peak value of PM_(2.5) mass concentration in Henan Province was 226μg/m^(3),which was second only to the maximum value of 239μg/m^(3) in 2019 and significantly higher than 86μg/m^(3) in 2022.The number of days with severe pollution or above in the 16th day of the first lunar month was the highest in history.The setting off of fireworks caused rapid increase of K^(+)、SO_(4)^(2-) and Cl^(-)concentrations,and had the most significant impact on the K^(+)concentration with its hourly peak concentrations in Henan cities rising 26.6 times compared to the reference moment.The contribution of fireworks to the daily mean PM_(2.5) on the 15th and 16th of the first lunar month in Henan Province was 31.5%and 31.8%,respectively,which increased the PM_(2.5) concentrations by 39μg/m^(3) and 57μg/m^(3) respectively.Fireworks discharge during these two days could increase the annual average concentration of PM_(2.5) by 0.26μg/m^(3) in Henan in 2023,causing the air quality of 12 cities in Henan to change from moderate and below to severe and above pollution.