刑事涉案财物处置措施的理解与适用——基于刑法第64条的规范分析

Comprehension and Application of Measures to Dispose of Property Involved in Criminal Cases——Based on the Formal Analysis of the Article 64 of the Criminal Law

刑法第64条规定的各项处置措施作为一个整体形成了对刑事涉案财物处置的完整流程。作为程序性处置措施的追缴实践中包含多种具体财物控制措施;责令退赔应当对不同原因导致的违法所得追缴不能做出回应;返还的适用对象应当仅为违法所得原物;没收的适用对象不仅为违禁品和供犯罪所用的本人财物,还应当包括无被害人的案件中犯罪分子的违法所得,违法所得没收的性质应当区别不同的适用对象分别认定。

The disposal measures stipulated in the Article 64 of the Criminal Law as a whole form a complete process for the disposal of property involved in criminal cases.The practice of recovery as a procedural disposal measure includes a variety of specific property control measures;Ordering to pay compensation forit shall be unable to respond to the recovery of illegal gains caused by different reasons;The applicable object of return shall be only the original illegal gains;The applicable objects of forfeiture are not only contraband and personal property used for committing the crime,but also the illegal gains of criminals in non-victim cases.The nature of forfeiture of illegal gains should be identified separately according to different applicable objects.